AAN case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

AAN case study - Essay Example Many efforts have been put in place to protect personal and private data from infringement and theft for intellectual purposes or simply destruction by people considered enemies of the state. As such, many governments all over the world are in pursuit of reliable data monitoring, investigation and other intelligence driven motives electronics that will guarantee such an achievement (Barkan, et al., 2008, pp.392-429). Many countries, especially those in the Asian continent have appreciated the need for information security and they are now facing a very steep learning curve as they have embarked on evaluation and assessment of the new technologies in use and those in the market in order to establish their viabilities, vulnerabilities threats of security and their strength in ensuring that security threats are minimized or eliminated (Faisal, et al., 2007, pp.667-699). Various strategies have been put forward to help tackle security problems in India and the government has seen the nee d to indulge international firms that could be contracted to provide these monitoring and investigation electronic devices. AAN Limited is a company that deals in small electrical products that do have minimal intellectual property value compared with other companies that design the same. The company has sought markets within the Asian region in the past three years. Following this marketing campaign, AAN needs to bid for a contract that is highly ambitious able to impact the organization in a massive scale. This contract is owned by the Indian government where the contractor will have to design a variety of cutting edge electronic products that would be made use of in the secret services of India. The use of these products will be put to use in the monitoring and investigating those people who are a threat to the national security of India. The contract will be worth 144 million sterling pounds in the first two years and an additional sum of 134 million for the next three years aft er the first phase bringing the total contract to a value of 278 million sterling pounds per year. This report aims to address various issues related to security as far as the audit done on AAN case study is concerned. 2.0 Information Security and devices 2.1 Highly Secretive Organizations Highly secretive organization means being a firm that does not expose its dealings to the public. In this case, what happens within the organization is little known to people who are not selected to know. Such organizations deal with top secret or confidential information most especially that relating to the state security and other government machineries. Highly secretive organizations have been known to exist in the minds of many without necessarily having a name or label to identify them a factor which makes it even hard for non-involved party to discuss or even know anything about them in real life and what they do. Most of these secretive organizations are related to the states in which they operate and in their operations, they use high technology devices to track information, monitor movement of people and goods, and make various investigations with the aim of establishing more information that could be used for security purposes (Challa & Pradhan, 2007, pp.87-96). They also use cryptographic modules which do conform to high set standards that form what might be called approved security standards entailing cryptographic algorithms, key management techniques by use of cryptography, and techniques of authentication with the objective of protecting the government’s sensitive information or their own from the public and people considered threats to security (Garg & Verma,

SwoT Essay Example for Free

SwoT Essay Before identifying the potential strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Sharp faces in solar panel market. We must first examine the solar panel industry as a whole. The future growth of industry and the demand for solar panels is contingent on two economic drivers. These two factors include what types of energy will be used to fuel the growth of developing nations and how and where the energy is produced. The first economic driver that could potentially increase the growth of the industry lays in the fact that securing traditional energy as a means of fueling growth is ecoming increasingly more expensive with an ever-growing demand. The growth in demand for traditional energy can be attributed to the development of countries such as China and India. The second economic driver that will dictate the growth of the industry is the fact that over the next few decades developing nations will shift away from centralized energy production to more local production. On the grounds that developing countries dont have the current infrastructure such as electrical grids and decentralized energy production is much more cost effective than building such infrastructure (Bradford, 2006). In closing, the future growth of the solar industry hinges on developing nations using renewable energy to fuel their growth and leap frog the expense of constructing infrastructure to distribute traditional forms of energy with decentralized production. After identifying the two drivers that will dictate the future growth of the solar panel industry, we can examine the projections made about the future growth of the industry. The current market is over five billion dollars annually with new markets continuing to develop. Predictions have been made that the solar cell manufacturing ndustry will be a twenty- five billion plus industry by 2010 (CSU, 2007). While the solar panel industry has experienced a steady stream of growth for the last six years with growth estimated at a rate of thirty percent annually (Businessweek, 2006). In conclusion, the solar panel industry has experienced a consistent annual rate of growth that will only continue to increase with the growing trend towards renewable energy. Now that we have examined the economic drivers that will fuel the growth of the industry and the current growth the industry has experienced we can began to xamine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Sharp faces. The foundation of Sharps strength in the solar panel industry stems from their experience manufacturing solar powered fuel cells. Since 1963 Sharp Corporation has been mass producing solar powered fuel cells. This translates into roughly forty years of production experience. With Sharps solar panel division being the second largest producer within the industry. Another crucial strength that Sharp possesses is its effective utilization of its working capital generated from its sale of consumer lectronics. Sharp uses this working capital to fund research and development and gain a foothold in developing markets as a means of achieving their long-term goal of becoming an industry leader. Sharp is currently allocating billions of dollars to the research and development of new cutting edge technology before industry rivals beat them to the punch (Hall, 2008). In addition, to investing in new technology, Sharp is increasing their production capacity with construction of a new factory in to produce solar panels suitable for the climates in Southern Europe, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa (Williams, 2008) pcmag. Finally, Sharp has Just recently announced a partnership with Italian energy company costing 1. 05 billion dollars to build several solar power-generating plants in the next four years. With Sharp collecting royalties from Enels sales generated from the new plants. In summary, one of Sharps biggest strengths is their ability to effectively utilize their working capital and take the necessary actions to accomplish their long-term goal of being the industry leader. After evaluating the strengths Sharp brings to the ndustry, we can begin to evaluate their weaknesses within the industry. One of the greatest weaknesses of Sharp stems from the fact that they are headquartered in Japan. Which has the highest production costs in the entire world . The high production costs of manufacturing in Japan poses a serious threat by hampering their ability to offer prices competitive with those of the competition. Who manufacture their products in countries with much lower labor costs. Another weakness of Sharp is the susceptibility to changes in the value of other countries currency eroding their sales (Funding Universe, unknown). In summary, the weaknesses of Sharp Corporation consist of manufacturing in the world most expensive country and their vulnerability to changing exchange rates negatively impacting their sales. After reviewing the weaknesses of Sharp within the industry we can now examine the opportunities Sharp has within the industry. With the growing trend towards transitioning to renewable energy sources, there are multiple opportunities within the industry that Sharp can capitalize on as a means achieving growth. One of the greatest opportunities presented to Sharp Corporation within the industry is Europes oal to obtain twenty percent of its energy from renewable sources by the year 2020. Even if only a quarter of the renewable energy quota were generated through solar power, the entire industry would have to multiply their production by twenty-five (Schenker, 2008). Europes commitment to renewable energy presents Sharp with the opportunity of unlimited demand for their solar panels. On the grounds that the industry will most likely not be able to increase production capacity to meet the ambitious goals Europe has set for themselves. In summary, Europes commitment to enewable energy poses a substantial opportunity for Sharp to increase their presence within the industry. With the growing trend of modernization brought on by globalization developing nations present Sharp with yet another opportunity to achieve growth. Solar energy has proven to be one of the best solutions for providing electricity to the rural communities around the globe. With 1. 6 million people in developing countries not having access to electricity grids. Sharp has the opportunity to invent and manufacturer solar panel products, which are suitable to the needs of those living ithout, access to electricity (EPIA, 2009). So, as Sharp continues to improve production efficiency and cut costs, they are presented with the valuable opportunity of developing solar panel specifically suited to the needs of those in developing nations. The opportunity to provide solar panel products to developing nations would out the goal of taking action that help Sharp become a global company while contributing to the construction of a sustainable society (Sharp, 2009). In summary, the developing world and the 1. 6 million people without electricity present Sharp ith the opportunity of new markets while helping to strengthen their dedication to social responsibility. After examining the opportunities that are currently available to Sharp within the industry, we can begin to examine the current threats Sharp faces. Before February 2008 Sharp held the ranking of number one producer within the industry. However, they have recently been replaced by Q-cells. Founded in 1999 in Germany, Q-cells was able to surpass Sharp due to their ability to acquire the necessary amount of poly silicon during the recent shortages (Calflnder, 2008). In ummary, the German company Q-cells poses a serious threat to Sharp, with their ability to rise to the number one position ten years after going into business. Sharp also faces a serious threat from manufacturers abroad, whose governments provide larger subsidies than the Japanese government. Sharp faces a serious threat from competitors in China, where the government subsidies aimed creating a stronger market for domestic manufacturer is three times as large as the current subsidies offered by the Japanese government. In summary, Sharp faces an international threat from manufacturers within China whose government subsidies far surpass hose offered in Japan. In conclusion, what once began as small metal works shop has transformed into an international corporation. With the foundation of their success being attributed to the corporate culture created by its founder Tokuji Hayakawa. His emphasis on the importance of investing in the development of new technologies is the reason Sharp is where they are today. With Sharps abundance of working capital, and the opportunities that exist within Europe and developing nations Sharp will almost certainly be able to reclaim their spot as the number one industry leader.

Scabies Essay -- essays research papers

Scabies While sitting around your house, watching television, you notice that you have been scratching your arm and in between your fingers for a little while. After taking a closer look you notice something that you assume is a rash and just ignore it. The next day however you notice that the rash has spread and that you think you see burrows in your skin. Then it hits you, the weekend that you spent away on vacation in that not so expensive hotel to save a couple of dollars has now cost you more money in the long run. You must go see your doctor to be treated for scabies! Scabies mites are distributed worldwide, affecting all races, ages and socioeconomic classes in all climates. Sarcoptes scabei, human itch, or mange mites, are in the arthropod class Arachnida, subclass Acari, family Sarcoptidae. These mites burrow under the skin, living in linear burrows. Other races of scabies may cause infestations in other mammals such as domestic cats, dogs, pigs, and horses. It should be noted that races of mites found on other animals could not establish infestations in humans. They may cause temporary itching due to dermatitis but they do not tunnel into the skin. The mode of transmission is primarily person-to-person contact. Newly emerged impregnated females will crawl onto the uninfected person. The mite will hold onto the skin using suckers attached to the two most anterior pairs of legs. They will then burrow into the skin. Transmission may also occur via fomites (e.g., bedd...

Theseus Or Hercules? :: essays research papers

Theseus or Hercules? Theseus is most worthy of emulation. He was a great hero in Athens. "Theseus was, of course bravest of the brave as all heroes are, but unlike the other heroes he was as compassionate as he was brave." (p. 159). Theseus also was a man of bravery, intellect and bodily strength. Hercules on the other hand was what all Greece except Athens most admired. He was very strong but wasn't too smart. Hercules never thought of the consequences that his actions would bring about before he followed through with them. First, Theseus was very strong. He fought many terrible horrendous monsters such as the Minotaur, "..a monster, half bull, half human.." (p.151), and went on many great ventures such as the Quest for the Golden Fleece. Theseus showed his great strength in adventures such as the one with the Minotaur. Hercules was also involved in many great adventures in which his great strength was shown. Hercules was much stronger than Theseus, but Theseus made up for this small loss in other ways. Second, Theseus was very smart. Because of his great intellect the Athenians, people who valued thought and ideas, chose him and not Hercules as their hero. Theseus escaped from the Labyrinth and killed the Minotaur. Neither of these tasks were easy and required someone with aptitude unlike Hercules. Theseus always thought things through and made good decisions. Hercules' foolishness was shown on many occasions such as when he killed his family and his music teacher. Theseus' intellect is one very valuable quality which makes him more worthy of emulation. Third, Theseus was very brave. In fact he went on so many great excursions that a saying grew up in Athens "Nothing without Theseus!" (p. 149). When it was time for Theseus to seek his father he would not go by water " But Theseus refused to go by water because the voyage was safe and easy." (p. 149). Theseus insisted to take the way by land. His idea was to become a hero as quickly as possible, and he accomplished his goal by ridding the land of all the banns to travelers on his way to find his father. Theseus had many other adventures. He was on the Argo, in the Caledonian hunt, as well as many others. Hercules also had many adventures but his were often the result of his own

Limiting The Freedom Of The Press Essay

Advertising is a powerful and effective source of information in our everyday life just like TV or internet. Advertisers use ads to encourage people to get products and make products more applicable to them. Respectively, advertisers should allow the freedom of the press. Freedom of the press is freedom of communication and the right to publish newspapers, magazines, and other printed matter without governmental restriction or any restrictions. Gloria Steinem argues effectively that advertisers are controlling the freedom of the press, since they are determining what women should receive or should not. To support her argument she mentions compromises she encountered when she made rules accepting ads in Ms. Magazine. One of Gloria Steinem goals in Ms. Magazine was to add gender neutral ads in her magazine, She wanted to introduce stuff like cars and electronics, such ads were not common in regular women’s magazine. Nevertheless, she encountered negative attitudes by many companies. She mentions, â€Å"U.S carmakers firmly believe that women choose the upholstery color, not the car, but we are armed with statistics and reader mail to prove the contrary. A car is an important purchase for women, one that is such a symbol for mobility and freedom that many women will spend a greater percentage of income for a car than will counterpart men. (Steinem 233)† Using this example Gloria Steinem shows that some companies have the idea that women are shallow and they only care about the outer look not about the over all the performance. Because of their outrageous mentality they are refusing to put ads of their products in women magazines. Nevertheless, Steinem by convincing foreign car makers to advertise in her magazine. She proved that women are equally important customers as men and women’s market should be taken seriously. Thus according to advertisers women do not understand technology, and such ads are not made for them. Ads advertisers are placing  in women magazines are different from the ads that are placed in other magazines. It was clearly stated when U.S car companies refused to put ads of their products in Ms. magazine while they usually do it in other ones. Refusing to introduce certain ads in women’s magazine for unconvincing reasons and the examples Gloria Steinem introduced strengthen her argument that advertisers are choosing their audience and determining the what each group of people should get. She provided another example to further support her argument,: Steinem points out to cigarettes. She mentions Essence, a magazine that was the only national magazine for African American women. This magazine had praised cigarettes and posted ads of models smoking, encouraging black women to smoke. And then Gloria Steinem states â€Å"According to California statistics, African American women are more addicted to smoking than the female population at large, with all the attendant health problems. (Steinem 243).† Therefore, Advertisers that represented cigarettes ads in this women magazine are the reason that black women are more addicted to smoking than other female population. Ads promoted smoking regardless of its unhealthy dreadful effects and that fact that it causes deaths. By pointing out such example, Steinem further supports the idea advertisers choose what they want to introduce to their audience. Steinem also shows that ads promote products regardless if they are good or not. Gloria Steinem mentions that ads in women magazines are different from those in neutral gender magazines. She states â€Å"The same companies that insist on recipes in women’s magazines place ad in people where there are no recipes. Cosmetic companies support the New Yorker, which has no regular beauty columns, and newspaper pages that has no â€Å"beauty atmosphere (Steinem 239) â€Å". She includes another prove, â€Å"We also explain that placing food ads only next to recipes and how-to entertain articles is actually a negative for many women. It associates food with work- in a way that says only women have to cook- or with guilt over not cooking and entertaining. Why not advertise food in diverse media that don’t always include recipes (thus reaching more men, who have become a third of all supermarket shoppers anyway and add the recipe interest with specialty magazines like Gourmet (a third of whose readers are men)? (Steinem 238).† Gloria Steinem explains that advertisers have double standard. They introduce different ads to different group of  people that affects them in certain ways (introducing recipes in women’s add made them feel obligated to cook.). The ads that are in women’s magazines are different form those that are in other magazines. Hence, advertisers don not have a specific criteria in making their ads.They just provide what they think a certain group of people should receive. On the other hand, advertisers should not determine what women should receive. Advertisers should have one criteria introducing their ads to all audience, not different ads for different audience. Steinem states this idea to open the eyes of her readers that advertisers by doing this are actually limiting the freedom of advertising. Not that having advertisers choose the audience that receive certain ads was not bad enough. Advertisers now have their own rules and orders that should be applied before placing their ads in a certain magazine. Gloria Steinem states â€Å"Meanwhile, advertisers’ control over the editorial content of women’s magazines has become so institutionalized that it is sometimes written into â€Å"insertion orders† or dedicated to ad salespeople as official policy- whether by the agency, the client, or both.† And then she mentions some of the orders that were given to women’s magazine effective in 1990. â€Å"An American Tobacco company order for a Misty Slims ad noted that the U.S government warning must be included, but also that there must be: â€Å"no adjacency to editorial relating to health, medicine, religion, or dead (Steinem 241).† Besides the fact that advertisers are using different ads for different group of people, advertisers have their own rules and orders for their ads. They are requiring praise for their products. And this made new fields like â€Å"beauty writing† to be invented. This kind of writing praise products to oppress and push women to buy certain products. By mentioning some of the rules advertisers ask for, Steinem shows that instead of giving the freedom to include whatever editorial texts to be included, advertisers are choosing what to and not to be included in a certain ad or around a certain ad. Steinem relates this to her argument, because by choosing what editorials text should be included and by having specific demands and orders advertisers are clearly limiting the freedom of the press. Gloria Steinem shows how women’s magazines are filled with ads rather than  content . She mentions how ads makes the greater part of women’s magazines. â€Å"I picked up a variety of women’s magazines for February 1994, and counted the pages in each one (even including the table of contents, letters to editors, horoscopes, and the like) that were not ads and/or copy complementary to ads. Then I compared that number to the total pages. Out of 184 pages, McCall’s had 49 that were nonad or ad-related (Steinem 241).† She mentions more magazines and all of them had small portion that was nonad or ad-related. What Steinem is trying to show, is that women’s magazines are out of content. They are mostly ads. Whereas, looking back, women’s magazines had more meaningful content. â€Å"As older readers will remember, women’s magazines used to be a place where new young poets and short story writers could be published. Now, that’s very rare (Steinem 243).† Steinem uses comparison to show how women magazines have changed as time passed. It’s clearly that they worsened. They became meaningless and they lacked real and interesting information. This lack of reality and creativity in women’s magazines caused them to be repetitive; all going over the same products but in different editorial styles. This takes us back to Steinem main argument that advertisers are limiting the freedom of the press since they are the ones who control what a magazine would and wouldn’t have; and that is because they are they are paying to the articles that looks more applicable to the products they are advertising. Gloria Steinem was sufficient supporting her main argument, she stated clearly how advertisers choose their audience and determine what they should receive, how ads in women’s magazine differ from other ones, how advertisers are making their own rules and orders ,and finally how women’s magazine changed negativity during time. For all these reasons she mentioned, she proved that advertisers are not allowing the freedom of the press, they are actually limiting it and taking control over it. Work citation: Steinem,Gloria. â€Å"Sex lies and Advertising.† Signs of Life in the USA:Readings on Popular Culture for Writers, Sixth Edition. Ed.Sonia Massik, Jack Solomon. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s,2009. 227-247. Print.

Free Essays on Shaken Baby Syndrome

Shaken Baby Syndrome is a form of child abuse. Child abuse can be defined in many different ways. The best way to define it is life threatening physical violence, severe beatings, burns, and strangulation. Many incidents of child abuse occur all the time. However, not all cases are reported. â€Å"The national center for child abuse and neglect estimates that nearly one million children in the United States suffer non accidental life-threatening experience every year.† Today, parents use physical punishment as a way to change their child’s behavior. However, the parents don’t realize how easily a child could get hurt. Stress is another cause for child abuse. Parents that are under great stress or unemployed are more likely to abuse their children then those parents who do not have such great problems. Children who are born premature and children with disabilities create more stress for parents. Therefore, these children are more likely to be abused then other children. There are parent support groups, like parents anonymous, and other services that can help relieve stress that can lead to abuse. In any serious cases a child under the age of 18 may be placed in a foster home. â€Å"Shaken Baby Syndrome is caused by vigorous shaking of an infant or damage, Forceful shaking can cause bleeding to the mental, retardation, speech and learning disability, paralysis, seizures, hearing loss, and even death.† It is very hard for doctors to diagnose Shaken Baby Syndrome. One way of telling if a baby has been violently shaken, they will seem less alert. Shaken babies also may vomit or have seizures. Eye examinations may also show blood in the retinas. Computed tomography and magnetic response imaging will be able to reveal any bleeding occurring in the brain. Babies who have been severely shaken could also have bumps, bruises, or other visible signs of trauma such as damage to the neck or spinal cord, bur... Free Essays on Shaken Baby Syndrome Free Essays on Shaken Baby Syndrome Shaken Baby Syndrome is a form of child abuse. Child abuse can be defined in many different ways. The best way to define it is life threatening physical violence, severe beatings, burns, and strangulation. Many incidents of child abuse occur all the time. However, not all cases are reported. â€Å"The national center for child abuse and neglect estimates that nearly one million children in the United States suffer non accidental life-threatening experience every year.† Today, parents use physical punishment as a way to change their child’s behavior. However, the parents don’t realize how easily a child could get hurt. Stress is another cause for child abuse. Parents that are under great stress or unemployed are more likely to abuse their children then those parents who do not have such great problems. Children who are born premature and children with disabilities create more stress for parents. Therefore, these children are more likely to be abused then other children. There are parent support groups, like parents anonymous, and other services that can help relieve stress that can lead to abuse. In any serious cases a child under the age of 18 may be placed in a foster home. â€Å"Shaken Baby Syndrome is caused by vigorous shaking of an infant or damage, Forceful shaking can cause bleeding to the mental, retardation, speech and learning disability, paralysis, seizures, hearing loss, and even death.† It is very hard for doctors to diagnose Shaken Baby Syndrome. One way of telling if a baby has been violently shaken, they will seem less alert. Shaken babies also may vomit or have seizures. Eye examinations may also show blood in the retinas. Computed tomography and magnetic response imaging will be able to reveal any bleeding occurring in the brain. Babies who have been severely shaken could also have bumps, bruises, or other visible signs of trauma such as damage to the neck or spinal cord, bur...

buy custom The Gothic Genre essay

buy custom The Gothic Genre essay Gothic genre is a style of literature that puts together both elements of horror and romance. It is thus sometimes referred to as Gothic fiction or gothic horror. It is believed to have evolved in the 1960s from a novel the Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole. The literature was designed to scare readers by use of mystery and blood-curdling accounts of horrific scenes such as murder, villainy and use of supernatural beings. It is also associated with architecture commonly seen in Europe characterized by flying buttress, gargoyles (grotesques fitted into their nooks), biblical symbols and vaults. Distinct elements of Gothic fiction were ghosts, haunted houses, death, hereditary curses and terror. Gothic literature gained popularity when there was a rise of rationalism over religion and the changing of peoples lifestyle. During the evolution of gothic literature it thus filled a gap due to condemnation of Catholicism (Valdine, 1999). During this time the society was under pressure to change due to technology involved. It is evident, through the changing roles in women in the society. Through this women are made to choose their own fate. The emergence of divorce comes into play as society accepts it unquestioningly. Women are hence becoming more and more knowledgeable as gothic novels become their pal and writers. Therefore with the gothic situation made women to have voice as womens deep rooted fears about being powerlessness had since been faded away. Women were thus accepted into the genre which was not far dominated by men and hence used as an avenue to explore womens power. Notably there are various works of gothic from different writers such as Jane Austen (Northanger Abbey) and Mary Shelley (Frankenstein). They are thus both women who established there works through the genre. In this event women were able to explain the female and male interaction on a female perspective. The position of women was displaye d and the inequality in the society shown clearly through this art (Valdine, 1999). Northanger Abbey The gothic genre has played a critical role in social progress that is both politically, socially, and in economics structuring. Social progress which is still being realized has been accounted through theories that try to explain this progress in life. During the age of enlightenment reason was advocated for the achievement of lifelong goals. The age has since ended during the French revolution. In the Jane Austens Northanger Abbey she is observed as a Victorian as she designed the novel during the regency period, that is, during the end of the eighteenth century. Abbey mimicked the gothic genre. Composition of her novels took place before the romantic period. Works produced during this time were known as Neo-Classical which was highly linked to Enlightenment. During this period Europe saw the emergence of novels as a major genre. Austen hence educates women on the essence of life from the novels platform. She also promotes writing and embracement of literature works i.e. gothic gen re. She mimics Ann Radcliffes (Mysteries of Udolpho) her character as Morland is completely not as expected from the gothic point of view. She is in this way seen to be boring and has problems in luring men. Under normal situations she thinks otherwise, supernatural. In this event Austen manages to mimic the genre (Stephen, 2004). The romantic period saw the bringing forward of strict rules and guidelines. Thus romantic literature featured nature, freedom and exotic. Gothic literature makes romanticism as its peripheral it however, includes elements of fantasy and mystery. This works makes the reader to be placed among the ancient features being depicted hence he/ she becomes a character. It enhances its worth through psychologically involving the reader into examining themselves by employing reflections. Readers are put on the pulpit to make judgment on their own self (Stephen, 2004). Jane has brought forward gender equality and feminism into the forefront. Through her works lessons of womanly virtue are seen. Women are encouraged to improve on the ever competitive world and play major roles as popular social symbols. Women in this event are taught to be independent and eliminate traces of being second-class citizens. This is through their roles of protecting the males and total obedience. Hence social deviance was from women who are likeable in the public domain rather than within the house. Jane as a feminist had sought to change this situation and bring a wave of feminism in the society. It was during this period that saw the emergence of child daycare, family planning techniques and equal rights with their male counterparts. In addition to this women also engaged in politics and in the media. However through it negative social behavior sprouted, lesbianism came into existence as women tried to be independent. Statistics show that womens role are ever changing drastically. Womens roles invade mens initial roles in sciety. Some roles such as caring of children, division of household chores and gender related roles i.e. cohabitation and marriage (Honan, 1987). In her gothic novel Jane Austen focuses on societal issues which since that time have faced vigorous changes. Major issues that she emphasized on were money, marriage, legalities of marriage and its alternatives, place of women in the society, settlement, women and leadership and education. With this in mind very many issues surround it with the involvement of civil rights group the issues are on a cycle of change on the wake of another day. Frankenstein On the other hand Mary Shelley was a British novelist well known for her work Frankenstein. It has since inspired many in the field of literature. Shelley in her works argued that cooperation and pity that women harbor were the only way for social progress and creation of necessary reforms. She goes further and tries to educate the political forefront not have greed but have the compassionate heart of the female character. She values equality and harmony is the way forwards. In the novel Victor Frankensteins setbacks as a parents shows the anxiety of how we should embrace social progress. She thus focuses on the family as the key element in a society. Apart from this she also relays the significant role played by women and their role as women. This impacts to the importance the two which the civil society cannot do without. The novel promotes education and womens role in the society. It has hence it compels women to be less independent, showing that a man can not have a baby without a woman and vice versa. Therefore when feminist values reign over the violence and destructive men would express a better nature i.e. compassionate, sympathetic and generous (Paula, 1995). In the novel the protagonist Victor Frankenstein objects traditions and structures his own life. He is hence obliged to live his family in pursuit of his set goals. In Shelley enlightenment idea she saw that individuals could exercise healthy politics to improve the society. However, she also knew that misuse of excessive power would lead to the demise of society. For instance Frankenstein reads books that majorly deal with fundamental visionaries but this does not bring any impact on his life. Humanity could be perfected through good societal ethics if practiced. Through Frankenstein she shows revolution aging and rejection of romanticism and enlightenment visions which could be an alternative. Shelley therefore, portrays the reader as the decision maker who owns assumption at the end of the perusal. Frankenstein sees creation of life from corpses is wise. His main aim is to help mankind to overcome death and diseases. However at the end of his pursuit he realizes that he has far cr eated an ugly monster. He abandons what he has created. Victors attitude dramatically changes characterized by living his friends and sudden change of behavior. Shelley hence criticizes his ambition and responsibility rather than his creation works. He thus appeals to everyone for avoiding the careless use of science. In this sense Victor plays the role of scientist, whom from their works intends to be popular, this will dehumanize the society (Paula, 1995). In a different perspective Victor Frankenstein is compared to Prometheus who in mythology (Greek and Roman) he creates mankind similar to the likeness of God. He then takes the precious fire and gives it to mankind without any consent. Afterwards he faces Zeus wrath by being chained and his liver fed to the eagle. Therefore, this depicts someone who emerges above all forms of authority. Prometheus rose above gods by doing this. Here, Frankenstein is a rebel whereby he rebel against nature by trying to cheat death. Frankenstein as a result is romantic promethean hero by failing in his ventures, creation of human through corpses. His attempt to help man fails (Chris, 1990). Theory such as the feminist theory postulates that Victor is a sinner. He sins against God and nature. Apart from being sinful it is demeans women as the centre of natural procreation. The creation destroys the feminist ethic as the monster is as a result of a mysterious act, gothic in nature. Eventually women become less vital to the existence of humans. The man who is the centre of power deprives women the chance to procreate who without her existence life does not exist then. The creation of perfect beings through cloning borrowed ideas from this. Victor in his conscious nature realized he had committed a crime against females which is evident in his dream. Before the creation of the monster he killed his mother and girlfriend. Further he does not take responsibility as a father and abandons his child after its birth and leaves it under its mothers care. At the end Victor feels deeply committed he expressed it in rather a strange way. He gives up the creation of a perfect being ho wever his hopes does not fade away because he thinks someone else willl continue from where he stopped. It thus fully shows that Shelley did not condemn science but contrary forbid the careless use of science (Chris, 1990). A different face of the monster is shown when he saves a little child and helps De Lacey family. It also apart from that learns read and talk though his scary appearance. After being rejected several times he develops dislike on his creator and all humans. If the society had welcomed the monster it could have been otherwise. Mankind is to blame for not accepting the monster into their system with its outstanding physic and power. She further emphasizes that the impact of the life of human beings are as a result of social environment. The things we do and what affects us is all about nature, suggesting that wickedness comes with ill treatment. The risks posed to humans do not actually germinate from science but from the society in which we live in. From that extent Frankenstein words become clear that someone else should go on with his experiment and eliminate the defects of the monster he had initially created. Through this he wanted the creature at the end to be accepted into the so ciety, perfect human (Susan, 2007). Other critics view Frankenstein in more a different way i.e. ill criticism to religion. They view the creation of the being as commitment of sin against God. Thus his materials (corpses) are generated from social unrest during that time. It witnessed that scientist would only work to the satisfaction of mankind without restricting themselves to church values and ethics. Shelley agrees to this notion in The necessity of Atheism where God is put to question for lack of valid evidence of his existence. Hence Victor is not a qualified surgeon making sense why he cannot create a being (Susan, 2007). However, Marys main goal was to write a gothic fiction book, obtaining her idea from her hideous progeny inspired by a French translator. This contradicts with the book as gothic genre is characterized by supernatural beings, which is not depicted in the novel. Instead of the scary stylistic features she uses normal beings and natural scientific events. The perfectly evil and the good deeds are not completely noticed as use in gothic. It hence shows the development of the monster from it tender age to an adult. The setting of the story is in the 18th century rather than 15th as most gothic novels and is set on a Romanticism context (Susan, 2007). The novel is based on scientific ideas. Victor could in this way be a trigger to science fiction novel and promoter of social progress. In the recent years there emerged the test-tube babies which clearly show the borrowing of ideas from the monster creation. Besides test-tube babies we also have the creation of robots. Perhaps a more perfect idea is organ transplant which has so far made tremendous change in peoples life. The novel is seen as a symbol of changing times where modernization is rapidly encroaching. The social life of many societies observed changes both in nature and science. The monster is hence a foundation of ever improving technology from its toddler stage to full maturity. In todays world science plays a very critical role eating a humble pie from the gothic genre and its core founders. It is much clear that science has brought an understanding of the past, present and future and it is ever in a constant loop. Scientific progress should credit the establishment of the gothic genre. Social life is improving day by day by creating a more comprehensive idea of human philosophy (David, 1998). Impact of Gothic Genre The gothic genre has hence improved social life but not acted as a reaction to it. However, it has very minute incidence of reactions to Enlightenment ideals of reason, harmony and social progress. Such incidences include: womens position in the society is natural and are a symbol of natural procreation. The male partner cannot exist independently as a unit but will need assistance from the woman. This shows that society without the interaction of beings it is bound to fail in its existence. We have also witnessed that nature puts women into their position as the caretaker of the male while obeying him. However much we try to oppose it through change of roles it still remains natural and one cannot distort natures dramas. Perfection is not for man but for God as it is seen that as far as many tries to discover scientific projects perfection cannot be fully be reached. The monster in Frankensteins creation shows this (Fergus, 1991). The gothic genre is hence a calling for women to wake up. Social progress will be evidence through this as gothic ideas were seed to some scientific discoveries. We should in this way embrace the gothic genre and credit it for its eye opening. Society has then seen equality and progression through attainment of knowledge. Buy custom The Gothic Genre essay

Contrast and Stand in Contrast To

Contrast and Stand in Contrast To Contrast and Stand in Contrast To Contrast and Stand in Contrast To By Maeve Maddox The other morning I read an article about a man who has built a wonderfully detailed scale model of the Sultana, the steamboat that was the object of the greatest maritime disaster in US history. Note: On April 27, 1865, three of the Sultana’s four boilers exploded, killing nearly 2,000 people. Horrible as it was, the event received very little coverage because it occurred while the national press was occupied with the assassination of Lincoln (April 14) and the search for his assassin. (Booth was captured and killed on April 26.) Here’s the odd usage that caught my attention: His [the model-maker’s] attention to the details falls in contrast to the relatively little coverage that newspapers gave the Sultana’s explosion when it happened 150 years ago. It was the first time I’d encountered the phrase â€Å"to fall in contrast to.† The idiom â€Å"to stand in contrast to† is quite common. It means, â€Å"is strikingly different from.† For example: Struggling world economy stands in contrast to U.S. Detroit tent city stands in stark contrast to resurgent downtown The expression â€Å"stands in contrast to† is well represented on the Google Ngram Viewer, but â€Å"falls in contrast† makes no showing at all. I looked online to see if anyone else was using the strange construction â€Å"falls in contrast to.† Sure enough, I found examples: Clare’s ball dress is a classic example of non-habitual clothing; as she is not used to wearing it, it falls in contrast to her ordinary self through clothing. - 2007 book on fashion. The cheerful, hand-clapping sing-along falls in contrast to the more aggressive new singles from the band- Music review. This [humility of the matriarch] falls in contrast to the typical image of the patriarch, whose tool for survival is to consistently appear aggressive and dominating. - Review of True Blood. I found more examples in a variety of contexts that included fine dining, public transportation, golf equipment, and religious doctrine. Writers who wish to convey the information that one thing is extremely different from another can do it without using a noun phrase at all. They can use contrast as a verb: The commissioner’s latest observation that New York needs to hire at least 1,000 more cops contrasts with his earlier statements that 35,000 were enough. Orange contrasts with blue and harmonizes with red. Note: The word contrast is pronounced differently according whether it is used as a noun or as a verb. The noun is pronounced with the accent on the first syllable: /KON-trast/. The verb is pronounced with the accent on the second syllable: /kon-TRAST/. Some of the sentences above can be improved by replacing the â€Å"falls in contrast to† with â€Å"stands in contrast to† or by using contrast as a verb: Clare’s ball dress is a classic example of non-habitual clothing; as she is not used to wearing it, it contrasts with her ordinary self through clothing. - 2007 book on fashion. The cheerful, hand-clapping sing-along stands in contrast to the more aggressive new singles from the band- Music review. This [humility of the matriarch] contrasts with the typical image of the patriarch, whose tool for survival is to consistently appear aggressive and dominating. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†"Have" vs "Having" in Certain ExpressionsWriting a Thank You Note

Evidence based practice critique and application Dissertation

Evidence based practice critique and application - Dissertation Example The aforementioned article reports the findings of a randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled monotherapy trial which was conducted with the aim of elucidating the efficacy and the safety profile of the pharmacological agent Pregabalin in patients who were suffering from Fibromyalgia (Arnold, et al., 2008). Moreover, as a co-primary objective, this study also aimed at determining the impact of Pregabalin on other parameters and symptoms of fibromyalgia, in addition to pain, in patients in which a significant improvement in pain was found (Arnold, et al., 2008). The study assessed the outcomes of a group of 750 patients suffering from fibromyalgia (as diagnosed using the American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia) who were randomly assigned to two different groups, viz. those who received placebo and those who received Pregabalin in three different doses (i.e. 300 mg/dL, 400 mg/dL and 600 mg/dL) twice a day for a cumulative period of 14 weeks (Arnold, et al., 200 8). ... pain score and the PGIC and FIQ scores, amongst patients who received Pregabalin as compared to those who received the placebo (Arnold, et al., 2008). Moreover, all the three tested doses of Pregabalin were found to be efficacious in improving sleep and were not found to be associated with any major adverse affects. Thus, the study concluded that the use of Pregabalin as a monotherapy for the alleviation of the symptoms of fibromyalgia was both safe and efficacious over a dose range of 300-600mg/dL, over a treatment period of upto 14 weeks (Arnold, et al., 2008). Evaluation of study: In the article â€Å"A 14-week, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Monotherapy Trial of Pregabalin in Patients with Fibromyalgia,† the authors have provided sufficient background information regarding the disorder, its prevalence, common manifestations and possible etiological factors, in the introduction section. Moreover, they have also shed light on the mechanism of action of the pr oposed drug to be used in this study, i.e. Pregabalin. However, with regard to the literature review, in my opinion, the authors have conducted an inadequate literature review and have not reported the findings of the relevant studies. They have just cited a single study and have not explored the topic adequately. Moreover, since the study focuses on monotherapy for fibromyalgia, the authors should have shed some light on the available treatment options for this disorder and whether any treatment regimes which propose the use of a combination of multiple drugs exist. They should have also justified their choice of monotherapy and the pharmacologic agent being used and should have discussed whether this option is the drug of choice for

Robert E. Lee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert E. Lee - Essay Example Evaluating Lee is certainly not easy since there are quite a few different opinions about him. In essence, we have to take all available evidence into account before we can judge Lee to be brilliant, flawed or pragmatic. Considering his background and personal history, we know that he was a well bred individual who was a career army man as he showed his keen dedication to work even while at West Point. It was perhaps this training which showed him how to understand that the odds were insurmountable and the best course of action for the union was to surrender. As compared to his northern counterparts, Lee seems to have a completely different notion about life and how things are supposed to work since the north was unwilling to accept certain changes which had been brought to their economic systems. And production houses which did not need slave labor much. However, despite his defeat at the hands of his enemies, he remains a great leader since he had the foresight to see that the war, the battle and the games between the leaders had all finished which allowed him to sit down and negotiate a peace treaty. In comparison to Grant, Lee had very different ideas about what America should be like and he certainly would have thought his viewpoint to be better. However, in defeat he accepted that his ideals may never come true and he accepted that the victorious party gets to shape America as it wants. This makes him both a great leader and a flawed general since he accepted defeat which shows his greatness yet the defeat itself shows that he was flawed. In this manner, it becomes plain to see that what Freeman (1934) and Nolan (1991) have written about Lee is very true indeed. He was great as a man since he believed in his ideals and was willing to fight for them. He was great as a leader since he recognized defeat and did not continue to put his armies in danger while he knew that the war could not be won. However, the idea of defeat brings with it a

Evaluation of the chairman report for AL MAZAYA HOLDING CO Essay

Evaluation of the chairman report for AL MAZAYA HOLDING CO - Essay Example It implies that gap between the auditor’s signature and that of the chairperson was one month. One month is a short time and it enhances the timeliness of the company’s chairperson report thus improving the relevance of such information to users such as investors. The precision of the chairperson’s report enables the users of such information to base their decisions on current information rather than outdated information. Thus, it is easy for users of financial information to assess how much the company’s financial situation has changed since the publication of the financial statements. In this case, the information presented in the chairperson’s report reflects the information contained in the financial statements because of its precision. The balance between past information and future information is 92.3 percent. The chairperson’s report focuses more on past information than future information. For instance, he reflects on the promise the company made at the beginning of 2013 and reminds the reader that the company has fulfilled its promise. Additionally, the report primarily focuses on the company’s achievement in the year 2013. Approximately twelve sentences talk about the past while on the contrary only two sentences discuss the future. The chairperson is obsessed with the past because the company recorded stellar performances in its operations. For example, the company achieved a 2000 percent increase in profits. It is amazing to see a company record such performances and investors must be glad that their investments yielded high returns. Past information is important for the company because it attracts new investors who will be willing to buy shares in the company because of its stellar record. Ho wever, there should be a balance between the past and the future so that investors can acquaint themselves with where the company is coming from and where it is heading. Thus, the chairperson fails to give a

Our family pet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Our family pet - Essay Example For that reason, I would recommend anyone to consider having a pet, especially a dog since it also serves a protective purpose (Bonham 4). One of the pros of having a pet is that one never gets bored. A pet also makes one responsible for remembering when to feed it, wash it, and do other things to keep it healthy (Bonham 12). However, if one gets so much involved in the affairs of the pet, they may become irresponsible in doing other things that are of life importance. One ought to balance between being with the pet and doing other activities. For instance, if one carries a pet dog to the workplace, it may end up being a disgrace when it attacks other people. However, having a pet has made me more responsible by learning how to take care of the animal. Anyone considering having a pet must ensure that they love the pet of their choice. For instance, one must not own a dog as a pet if he or she does not like

If manager coaching can help to improve results, why don't more of Essay

If manager coaching can help to improve results, why don't more of them do it - Essay Example This is because of the fact that managers often understand the business better than the trainers and can provide a practical insight on the significant issues faced by the firm.(Cox, Bachkirova & Clutterbuck, 2009). With the emphasis on the providence of coaching to the employees, managers therefore attempt to improve the efficiency as well as effectiveness of the employees. However, it is argued that despite such tendency to coach and improve the efficiency of the employees, not all managers’ coach their staff. The obvious reasons can be different and this research study will attempt to understand as to whether the coaching by managers really add value to the sales staff and their performance and what can be different methods and criteria against which this can be assessed. As such this research study therefore will attempt to provide clear and concise discussion of the issue by surveying the existing literature as well as conducting primary research. The authors’ company is focused on helping clients to achieve their sales objectives by training their salespeople in new methodologies. They also provide coaching training for the sales managers and advocate coaching as a way of embedding the new learning. Their experience indicates that though Sales managers intuitively know that coaching can help to improve performance, they often find that managers simply do not do it. Since the author is involved in this type of profession therefore the personal reasons for choosing this research include achieving the broader understanding of the issue in order to better design the training and development programs in order to assist the clients to better manage their sales force and improve its performance. What is also important from a personal point of view is the fact that this research will provide author a comprehensive ground to understand training and

Our family pet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Our family pet - Essay Example For that reason, I would recommend anyone to consider having a pet, especially a dog since it also serves a protective purpose (Bonham 4). One of the pros of having a pet is that one never gets bored. A pet also makes one responsible for remembering when to feed it, wash it, and do other things to keep it healthy (Bonham 12). However, if one gets so much involved in the affairs of the pet, they may become irresponsible in doing other things that are of life importance. One ought to balance between being with the pet and doing other activities. For instance, if one carries a pet dog to the workplace, it may end up being a disgrace when it attacks other people. However, having a pet has made me more responsible by learning how to take care of the animal. Anyone considering having a pet must ensure that they love the pet of their choice. For instance, one must not own a dog as a pet if he or she does not like

Signage Design For Public Spaces Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Signage Design For Public Spaces - Assignment Example A signage is usually designed to arouse the audience’s interest and attention to what they refer. They are therefore, intended to identify things and places and to provide direction to an interested audience. They are also used ideally to give information about areas or places of interest, as well as warning information and instructions. As such, a signage should be designed in a specific shape depending on the intended purpose. This implies that there are specific rules dictating how they are designed. For instance, a rectangular signage is intended to provide general information to an audience and to identify things and places. In contrast, a circular signage portrays specific instructions that should be followed by the audience concerned. On the other hand, a triangular signage indicates danger, and the audience it is meant for should not ignore the message it carries. These guidelines should be taken into account when deciding on the shape of the signage (Trulove & Sprague , 2000). In addition, it is important to understand the purpose of signage. Business signs are intended to market a business to the public; hence the intended audience should easily identify and link the information with the business being advertised. Such a signage provides the business with an effective voice on the streets since it creates a permanent impression on pedestrians and motorists. A road safety sign, on the other hand, should be precise and able to communicate the intended warning in the best way and in the shortest time possible. This means that a signage should be easy to identify and understand given the short time that pedestrians and motorists spend on a particular street. There are different types of signs that depend on where they are placed to capture the attention. Their location is also important since it becomes part of the sign, and hence it should be appealing and such that emphasises the information carried by the sign. There are signs placed on buildings ; others can be said to be free standing. Some include changeable copy boards, interior signs as well as buildings which function as a sign themselves. Illumination of signs can also be used in communication of seasonal messages on signage designs to impact a buyer’s choices in particular times. However, most signs are meant to communicate a particular message to a given audience. This paper will try to highlight the main features of a business advertisement signage which is the most common type of signage. Business signs are primarily used as a way of marking the location of a business. Such an identity is a form of advertisement intended to capture the attention of potential customers. The most important aspect that must be captured in such a signage is the specific products that the business offers, which the reader should identify with. It is a fact that signs have a profound effect hardly noticed. For this reason, they are quite effective and can be used as a strong adve rtising tool if they are properly designed and located (Galindo, 2011). The main purpose of business signage is to capture the attention of potential customers, particularly new ones. This can help the business grow its revenues and profitability. In addition, signs are used as a branding tool for a business. Raising the top of the mind awareness in potential customers helps to identify the business, and this can be achieved through a properly designed signage. Such a permanent signage has a repetitive influence on those who get to read it each time they come across it. Such a brand identifier should have a consistent design that matches the products and services offered. Finally, business signs are an effective tool in triggering impulse buying. Many

Limitations of the balanced scorecard Essay Example for Free

Limitations of the balanced scorecard Essay As any other management innovation the balanced scorecard faces certain challenges as it attempt to break away from traditional approaches of management. For one it is difficult to implement a balanced scorecard system in large organizations such as Intel as it requires solvating for support from fellow mangers. Additionally, commitment and cooperation from project managers is fundamental to the success of comprehensive balanced scorecard. This process is both times consuming and tedious. More to that, resistance from managers due to and fear of the unknown is also a challenge to implementing a balance scorecard, thus, top-level managers may be reluctant to give adequate funding to implement a balanced scorecard management system. However despite the challenges associate with implementing balanced scorecards the benefits derived are worth the effort of trying. A balanced scorecard can transform strategic objectives to flow logical resources of performances. This will ensure that the organization efforts are aligned with mission statements and the employees’ investors and customers’ needs are catered for. The first requirement in designing a balanced scorecard is detailing the objectives of the company depending on what is desired at the given moment. .( Bain Company, 2002, Stewart, 2000) These objectives should be in view of the how the customers see Intel, what Intel focuses to excel at, how the company may continue to be innovative in creating value, and how the company intends to change the shareholder perspective of the company (Dickinson, 2003). The second step in designing the balanced scorecard is to describe the strategy that Intel wants to implement say better manage the intangible assets of the company or ensure that quality products are supplied to customers in time and in right quantities. The other step is to align the internal processes of the organization with strategy. In this case, we will be looking at what the company can excel in or what it is good at and capitalize in it while pulling efforts to low performing processes. The next step will be to assign duties to every individual job. Positive impacts of BSC According to the survey conducted by Bain Consulting Company, companies that implement a balanced scorecard in their management system reported higher assets turnover, reduction in indebtedness, elevated margins as well as high inventory turnover (Oorschot, 2002, Norton, 2001). Since balanced scorecards clarify organizations strategies to individuals in the organization, employees at Intel will be more inclined and committed to achieving the goals hence translating to higher profit margins for Intel. Moreover, Intel will be in a position to track financial loopholes within the organization and develop measures to seal the loopholes. This in turn will lead to reduced debts and better allocations of funds. Scorecards provide immediate feedback to managers who measure the performance outcome against visions and missions set. By adopting a balanced scorecard, Intel will be in a position to improve its strategies periodically following occasional review that balance scorecards provider. Implementing a balanced scorecard at Intel will ensure that attention is equally accorded to other issues, save financial ones, such as human issues, and provide metrics that force the company to act for the greater good of the company. In the end, success for the company is guaranteed. The balance scorecard institute puts the major consideration of designing and implementing a balance scorecard into perspective by saying, â€Å"A major consideration in performance improvement involves the creation and use of performance measures or indicators. Performance measures or indicators are measurable characteristics of products, services, processes, and operations the company uses to track and improve performance. The measures or indicators should be selected to best represent the factors that lead to improved customer, operational, and financial performance. A comprehensive set of measures or indicators tied to customer and/or company performance requirements represents a clear basis for aligning all activities with the companys goals. Through the analysis of data from the tracking processes, the measures or indicators themselves may be evaluated and changed to better support such goals. † (Arveson, 1998) Balanced scorecards are performance management tools and Intel Company could benefit from measuring the performance of the company now and in future. Unlike before, where it was not possible to gauge the health of the business, and thereby not know the future standing of the business, implementing a balanced scorecard will ensure that indicators point out whether the company is headed for and develop mitigation efforts to prevent this. Another benefit of a balanced score cared is that its use is compatible with other existing management systems. EVA, SVA, EFQM, IAM and Business excellence model, can be linked to balanced scorecards. If the management feels uneasy to drop all the other financial measures. Normally balanced scorecard is at the center of the management systems since it s easy to use mechanism.

Some Issues Of Governance In Pakistan Economics Essay

Some Issues Of Governance In Pakistan Economics Essay Good governance is regarded as development agenda in Pakistan by each government while the public see governance as the major indicator for sustainable development. In this premise, good governance is known as one of the most decisive factor for thriving accomplishment of the strategic thrust, policies and programs. It is as an exercise of authority to manage a countrys affair at all levels to improve the quality of life of the people. It is a continuous process where divergent opinions and desires are satisfied through compromise and tolerance in a spirit of cooperative action for the mutual benefit of the larger whole.  [1]  According to World Bank and UNDP, governance has three dimensions; the political regime, the systems and procedures for exercising authority and the capacity of governments.  [2]  This paper discusses the underlying causes of weak governance and interaction between state institutions and citizens in Pakistan along with suggesting some policy options as minimum action needed for improvement. It is widely acknowledged by the academia that the state-machinery of government has contributed to the present state of affairs. Further, the federally-managed resources are obstacles for provinces to obtain the best value for money. Sincere civil servants are frustrated with cost ineffective systems and procedures; the general public is faced with an irresponsive and non accountable political and bureaucratic system while the entrepreneur is witnessed with a set of contradictory policies which further hinder his business. Briefly, both federation and provinces of Pakistan must bring about drastic changes to achieve economic growth and to improve the quality of life of its people. Conceptual Framework of Good Governance The term good governance is coined by the World Bank and its foundations rest on the principles of freedom, equality, justice and accountability. Philosophical literature and religious texts are full with the definitions and examples of both good and bad governance. The traces of good governance can be found in history which reports the downfall of nations due to bad governance and also gives lessons that how nations have risen to great heights because of good governance. At the moment, the concept of governance has been evolving from some narrow definition used by the World Bank as the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a countrys economic and social resources to the broader definition adopted by the Commission on Global Governance as the sum of the many ways in which individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs.  [3]   Good Governance in the context of Pakistan, go beyond good politics. In Pakistan good governance must enable all the stakeholders to enhance economic growth, social development and a mechanism to sustain growth in the future. This can be achieved through civil services reforms, capacity building of institutions, improving and devolution of fiscal administration, increasing the role of the private sector and controlling unproductive public expenditures. All of these fall within four broad areas, namely, legislative framework, institutional capacity, efficiency and management.  [4]  Legislative framework is set of boundaries within which institutions, agencies and agents can operate and therefore addresses issues related to devolution, discretion and accountability. Institutional capacity identifies the ability of institutions, agencies and agents to identify policies ensure coherence and coordination and ensure compliance. While the efficiency addresses issues of resource generati on, expenditure planning, expenditure controls regulation and overall public administration to ensure the most effective use of resources. The last but not the least is management which addresses issues related to the proper use of systems and procedures and the mechanisms used for the development of the infrastructure and the delivery of services by ensuring that there is an equitable and transparent access to goods and services and protection of public interest from private intrusion. Legislative Framework Legislative issues are important and need to be addressed. Although constitution of Pakistan draws responsibilities between various tiers of government yet there are some areas where no clear-cut allocation of responsibilities is specified. Further, this lack of clarity creates fragments between the functions of various tiers of government and the services which should be delivered by the provincial governments are yet delivered by the centre. This change has not yet been brought in the future programmes. It requires designing of new mechanism for attaining this very objective. One of such mechanism is employing Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in making communities aware of their rights and responsibilities. They have been developed to some extent but are largely working as case studies. However, this role needs to be extended. There are also concerns about the legislations that it is passed without adequate drafting skills. Furthermore, some built-in provisions and powers to s et aside any mandatory requirement are more often used. These provisions are related with extreme cases of hardship but history is full of the examples where these provisions have been exploited for personal gains. In addition, discretionary quotas provide benefits to the few. These steps result in inefficient public institutions and further pave the way for corruption. In this outline, discretionary quotas followed by discretionary power should be the removed as a first objective. Institutional Capacity-building Although legislation is necessary for an efficient and transparent allocation of responsibilities yet without the corresponding capacity, no change may be forthcoming.  [5]  Contrary to it, government institutions are facing huge number of shortcomings. Coherent and coordinated policies are absent in public institutions while the current systems and procedures are outdated.  [6]  Although the mechanisms to ensure coordination do exist yet are not implemented. Further there is permanent hindrance in routine management while the existing staff is also inadequately trained.  [7]  All of these issues can be eliminated through capacity-building of institutions. There is an immense need of decentralization of functions which means that financial powers and administrative authority should be given to the lowest tier of government. But decentralization is not a cure-all for resolving Pakistans continuing crisis of governance. It has the potential of decreasing the distance between citizens and the state and thus enabling the government to be more responsive to local needs.  [8]  Simple transfer of power from centre to region in decentralization will fail to empower the people, and intensify the crisis of governance to new levels.  [9]   An irresponsive civil service needs reforms to make the civil servants answerable for their actions. History of Pakistan has only witnessed a notable reform in 1973. Apparently, it was a measure designed to enhance the professional quality of the cadre but it became a powerful means of political influence. The current inefficient and corrupt needs to be weeded out and staff skills need to be developed to use modern management techniques.  [10]  Simple attendance at courses operated by civil service training institutions does not constitute training. Civil servants must be required to show absorption of training skills by results in tests and examination, and this process should be very frequent. Efficiency There are number of ways to achieve efficiency. The use of appropriate mechanisms ensures the greatest value for money and this can be one way out. Further, pro-active legislation and use of information can ensure target-based management. The use of information technology through the development and implementation of standardized procedures could also become the cornerstone for change. While private sector participation can overcome a number of shortcomings in the development of infrastructure but this would result in excessive rents accruing only to the few agents.  [11]  The legislative framework establishes the boundaries within which the public-private partnership can take place. However, these laws will need to be translated into a workable and transparent regulatory framework. Most of the existing institutions are manned largely by staff without the knowledge and understanding needed to adapt to a rapidly changing operating environment. The international environment is in favor of the industrialized nations hence Pakistan needs to adopt a strategy which has been shown to be successful by the newly emerging industrial states, that is, the induction of the private sector from inception to implementation. In other words, Pakistan must include the private sector in all facets of dealing with the international community starting with preparation of position papers and underlying research, to actually negotiating access and, the subsequent supervision and management of the accord. Moreover, the general complaint with respect to Pakistans exports has been the absence of quality control. The private sector must ensure that this becomes a necessary condition for export. Towards this end, trade associations should be encouraged to establish and operate training centers and central quality control facilities, set standards which are mandatory, and establish a system of penalizing violators. Management Management can be divided into three broad categories; economic management, fiscal administration and expenditure management.  [12]  Economic management means efficient allocation of resources to ensure wide spread and equitable economic and social development of a nation. It is the basic responsibility of any government and this can only be achieved through good governance. Unfortunately, this has been a dream for not only the policy makers of Pakistan, but also of its people. Fiscal administration is another need of hour in Pakistan. Breakdown in economic governance results from the failure of governments to institute a progressive taxation structure. Today taxes are imposed on and collected from the poor. Large segments of civil society, particularly the rich remain inadequately taxed. Also there is exemption of tax on agricultural incomes and capital gains and the taxation structure creates inefficiency in the economies. Fiscal policy of Pakistan shows excess of tax holidays, exemptions and grants without an independent audit of assessment by outside agencies. A fundamental problem, however, is that the tax base remains narrow and a large proportion of direct taxes are collected as deductions at the source. Much of these shortcomings of tax administration can be reformed through broad systemic changes undertaken at all levels. The effectiveness of the change will depend on political support. The establishment of independent and autonomous Revenue Authorities with a market based pay structure with built-in rewards and penalties should be considered as the most viable vehicle for reform. Expenditure management is another important issue as planning and budgeting systems are deficient in Pakistan. This reduces transparency and accountability in the process of allocation and expenditure. Consultation in matters of taxation with vested interest groups has always existed but there is little external input in making the budget. Expenditure requests are not scrutinized by legislators and budgets are framed without a consistent macroeconomic framework. Medium to long-term expenditure plans are not prepared, neither are such frameworks established which results is no link between the composition of expenditures and the financing of the deficit to major economic parameters, such as growth and prices. Therefore, it erodes efficient allocation and effective management of the macro economy. End Result Corruption Mis-governance leads and breeds corruption in a number of ways, through bribery and extortion, nepotism, and fraud and embezzlement. It reduces the efficiency on which an economy depends, and by increasing the cost of investment, lowers the potential return. It also reduces the governments resources and hence its capacity for investment. Corruption in Pakistan is not a unique phenomenon. It occurs up stream and has wings which encourage flight of capital. Corruption has had adverse effects on human development and as Pakistan faces a scarcity of resources, it is unable to set up and enforce an effective legal framework to eradicate the corruption. According to Robert Klitgaard, who first devised the equation of corruption in 1988, corruption is a function of monopoly power, discretion, lack of accountability and low government salaries.  [13]   Corruption = f (Monopoly power, discretion, accountability, low government salaries) The combination of monopoly power and discretion alone is a disastrous combination. When linked to the absence of accountability and low legal earnings they become more than just lethal. One obvious mechanism to eliminate corruption would be to review legislation which helps breed corruption, such as through creating monopoly power, permitting discretion without checks and balances, places authority without responsibility. Parallel to this should be an effort to reform the judicial system generally. Another mechanism would be to introduce legislation which is effectively implemented through an impartial and independent authority. Corresponding changes in the laws of evidence and trial should allow for flexibility in procedures and rigour of evidence. The legislation alone is insufficient for eradication of corruption. At the same time the strength and independence of the judiciary must be secured. In summary, the action needed to eliminate corruption should include accountability from the top, setting up of national anti-corruption commissions and exclusive corruption courts, ending of unnecessary discretionary laws and ensuring transparency. Conclusion To ensure sustainable and equitable development the government must realize its role in economic development. This can only be achieved best through a realization that such a positive role requires not an expansion in the scale of government activity, but an increase in its effectiveness and a major reallocation of its resources. Poor governance is now recognizable. There is a failure to establish a framework of law and government behavior conduces to development, with a tendency to divert public resources for private gain. No arbitrariness in the application of rules and laws with excessively narrowly based decision making mechanisms only exacerbate the problem. Further the development in Pakistan can be achieved through political stability, stable macroeconomic environment, the outward-looking trade strategies, the quality of primary education, effective land reforms, credit reforms, a merit based efficient and competent bureaucracy, well-functioning institutions and development of core areas of comparative advantage. In sum, governance is a continuum; it does not automatically improve over time. Citizens need to demand good governance. Their ability to do so is only enhanced by awareness, education, and employment opportunities. The Government of Pakistan needs to be responsive to those demands. For change to be effective it must be embedded in the societies concerned and cannot be imposed from the outside. Notes

Motivation, Organizational Behavior and Performance :: organizations, business, motivation,

Motivation is an important concept which is critical for understanding of and improvement in organizational behaviour and performance. It is therefore important for the managers to understand motivation. It is an important tool which they can use to get more out of their employees and increase organizational performance. Motivation can be defined as the factors, both internal as well as external which arouse in individuals the desire and commitment for a job (Mele, 2005, p. 15). Organizational performance on the other hand refers to the degree to which the organizational objectives have been achieved. Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the â€Å"driving force within individuals† (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with finding out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to bett er organizational performance (Wiley, 1997). It is important for manager to understand that what motivates the individuals. There are different kinds of motivation theories which reveal that individuals are motivated by different factors. For example there is extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation (Amabile, 1993). Extrinsic motivation refers to the motivation that one has for the extrinsic rewards such as pay, status, power, etc. Then there are intrinsic motivating factors such as the chance to exercise one’s skills, the opportunity to learn and personal development. Research suggests that various factors motivate employees in a different degree depending on their nature. It would therefore be important for the manager to understand that what are the motivating factors for individual employees and then provide them incentives accordingly so that they can work in a more productive fashion. Once the individuals work with greater excitement and vigour it would automatically lead to better performance.

Why Might Economic Growth Not Always Be A Good Thing? :: Economics

Why Might Economic Growth Not Always Be A Good Thing? When a country undertakes the challenge of economic growth, it does it for a number of reasons, but possibly the most important of these is to satisfy its population. At the end of the Second World War, South Korea wanted to grow economically in order to escape their predominantly farming lifestyles and to experience all of the benefits of consumerism. But instead what South Koreaand many other developing economies find themselves left with is far from their idealistic dreams. Growth is not always something to be welcome for the vast majority of economically growing countries and can have devestating effects. The problems we see today is endless. From the smallest microcosm to the entire earth, economic growth and waste is slowly destroying everything around us. As members of an industrialised society the effects are all too apparent. And in general, the destroying of the landscape and the pollution of air and water decrease our ability to enjoy the "real" amenities of life, thus questioning the accepted opinion that materialism brings more to our daily lives than for example, the life of someone in a pristine and enjoyable natural environment. As I sit here writing this essay, in front of me lie vast swathes of land ripped wide open, and in their place, concrete sits. To the growing economies of the world, we must pose one question and one question alone - Is this what you really want? Socially, one might argue that perhaps, economic growth might be a good thing. All of the stereos, holidays, mobile phones and apartments, some might say bring "enjoyment". But with this massive growth often society "wants" are often created faster than the industrial machine can satisfy them, leading to a continual, bitter desire that always rises beyond what can satisfy it. Human nature dictates this. I will not stop and be satisfied with my Jaguar, my Rolls Royce and my BMW - no, now I want a Mercedes. This leaves people often dissatisfied than before, when consumerism had been given a lower value. Today, in our "advanced" society, consumption exists not to satisfy consumer wants, but merely to justify production. Not only this, but also the demands of high economic growth and consumerism also place a huge toll on the cogs of the industrial machine, the workers. Why do some many people take depressants and commit suicide in developed nations if they are really enjoying the "real" amenities of life? The stress and high-paced lifestyle is not always what people in less developed countries or even in developed countries would necessarily want. So far, I have merely dealt with the problems that countries that have

Introduction to Organizational Politics Essay

This piece consists heavily of quotations from and adaptations of material from several sources (see references at the end). There still may be some unreferenced quotations because I have lost track of their genesis over many years of moving content through various notes. I don’t claim originality, other than the choice and organizing of material – Rex Mitchell. Pfeffer (1992, p. 30) defined politics as â€Å"the processes, the actions, the behaviors through which potential power is utilized and realized†. Another author (Dubrin, 2001 , p. 92) defined organizational politics as â€Å"informal approaches to gaining power through means other than merit or luck†. It could be argued that politics are used primarily to achieve power, either directly or indirectly, e. g. , by being promoted, receiving a larger budget or other resources, or gaining desirable assignments. Many people regard organizational politics as something negative (e. g. , pursuing selflnterests at the expense of others) and something to be minimized. Consequently, although most people know that organizational politics are common, they avoid saying so when it concerns one=s own ehavior. It is more common to talk about politics when complaining about a loss to a friend than it is in the context of one’s own political maneuvering. When we win on an issue, we call it leadership; when we lose, we call it politics. In many organizations, politics is a taboo subject, which makes it difficult for individuals to deal with this crucially important aspect of organizational reality. I believe a leader must skillfully use organizational politics to acquire and retain power and to accomplish major goals. Therefore, it would be a mistake to pretend that politics does not exist or to antasize that a leader can be effective without appropriate (and ethical, I would add) use of politics. As Pericles wrote over 2500 years ago, â€Å"Just because you do not take an interest in politics doesn’t mean politics won’t take an interest in you. † I regard organizational politics as neither good nor bad, per se, although it is important for us to distinguish between ethical and unethical political behavior.

American Fast Food

The most popular American fast food products are hamburgers, cheeseburgers, hot dogs and French fries. Fast food has become an important part of the American Food Culture for a long time. In fact, America is called a fast food country due to its strong fast food habits. According to some surveys, Americans spend more money on fast food than on education, new cars and computer software buying; 200 millions of Americans visit fast food restaurants weekly; nearly 90 percents of American children visit McDonald's every month. There are several reasons why this is happening. Firstly, as the industrialization and technology keep developing, Americans seem to be much busier with their life. As a result, they pay much less attention and less time for their meals. People need foods which require short time to get but still taste good. And those are exactly the characteristics that fast food has. Secondly, American culture is very individualistic. This individualism results in many people living alone at a very young age. And those who are single or living alone are more likely to rely on fast food, because they think it is simply a waste of time to spend 45 minutes cooking and cleaning for one or at most two meals for one person. Many in the average households of two, three, or four feel the same way about cooking. Thirdly, fast food is very convenient. They can be packaged and carried everywhere. In addition, you can easily find fast food chains even at mid-night. Moreover, fast food companies have even simplified the buying process by creating the drive-through restaurants, which allow customers to purchase products without leaving their cars. Next, fast food is usually cheap. It’s affordable for the consumers, especially when the economy is having a difficult time like these days. However, fast food is not good for our health. Fast food nutritional information shows that most meals contain high numbers of calories, saturated and trans-fats. In fact, you can eat all the calories your body needs for the day in one meal. Furthermore, you will actually receive very little nutrients from all of these calories. The white breads, sugars and animal fats that are packed into most fast foods contain very few vitamins and minerals. Eating these foods with tons of calories and fat on a regular basis leads to obesity. Obesity has become a big problem in America. Americans are heavier and unhealthier than ever before. This has led to millions of people suffering from threatening conditions such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, reduced bone strength and many other health elated problems. For someone who consumes these too much, it may lead to liver failure due to the high amount of fat, salts and oil in it. Too much of fast food on a regular basis can make a person overweight due to the extra calories given in those foods. It affects the concentration levels in studies and other activities too. Although fast food has a lot of bad sides, Americans can not eliminate them due to its conveniences. In short, fast food is an important part of the Food Culture; it has become a way of life for many Americans.

Unit 9 seminar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 9 seminar - Research Paper Example It entails measuring the costs of the program from a social view and which are measured against the willingness of the society to pay for the outcome. An advantage to this analysis is that both the benefits and program’s cost are measured in one unit; say in dollars hence creates social â€Å"profits." The third way human service professionals may consider is analyzing the impact of the program on public costs, thereby assessing intervention’s impact on the costs. All these three ways will go a long way to reflect the target audience and research budget (Kramar et al, 3013). A dropout prevention program in high school is cost effective since the benefits and key outcomes can be measured in relation to the costs. The benefits of this program are that lives will be saved and enriched, earnings increased, costs for taxpayers decreased, and quality of living increased (Schuler & Jackson, 2014). Participants will have a higher lifetime earnings since they will receive little welfare payments and have higher self esteem. To the society the government will in turn decrease its subsidies; tax paid by participants of the program will be increased, whereas social problems and crime will be decreased. Statistical significance is about measuring the importance of statistics to the results or how much statistics can be counted upon and usually based on samples. It is scanty about the magnitude of change or if the relationship is meaningful. The disadvantage of it is that it is inadequate to determine the importance of results. There s also the likelihood of getting similar results in the future (Zhu, 2013).  Where as in Practical significance provides information about magnitudes of change since it provides more digits in expressing results than makes sense. There is unlikelihood to obtain similar results in the future in practical

PRINCESS DIANA 2nd part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PRINCESS DIANA 2nd part - Essay Example Also, cultural variables relevant not only to Britain but also to the entire world were reflected in her personality, also certain expectations were naturally associated with her (Mattern 2006). Also, being a courageous woman, the factor of gender also added in to maintain her leadership style per se and managed to positively affect her followers` base. The concept of gender also created chaos in her life as the conspiracy theories associated with her character were quite intense in nature. There is no second opinion on the fact that Lady Diana had quite a charisma in her character, which made her one of the most charming yet influential women in the world. The transformational phases overriding her life, and her inclination toward the ordinary lifestyle despite the royalty makes her distinct from other leaders. Leadership Member Exchange View theory implies that the leaders impact the followers via direct and indirect interactions, and the followers are influenced by the persona and beliefs of the leaders. Personal Charisma, involvement in the personal affairs of the followers, concern with the issues of the people and the understanding of the popular culture of the society are a few must-have traits possessed by the leaders portraying LMX approach (Kippenberg 2002). Lady Diana clearly possesses these traits as she had quite a charming personality and a kind heart. She was deeply concerned with those less well off in the society, and took issues pertaining in the society with dire seriousness. Her interaction patterns with the common people helped her connect well with the followers, owing to which the masses were very fond of her. Thus, she didn`t have to exercise power tactics to influence other, in fact her character was impactful enough for her followers. Similarly, Transformational Le adership style deals with the positive transformation of the followers by virtue of effective leadership,