Should My Homeschooler Take the SAT or ACT

Youve almost made it through homeschooling high. Youve got your students transcript. The course descriptions are  written and the credit hours figured. You are ready to issue your teen a  homeschool diploma. But what about college admissions? Your  homeschooler is  prepared for college, but how does he get there? Should your student  take the  SAT or ACT.   What Are the ACT and SAT? Both the ACT and SAT are nationally standardized tests used to assess a students readiness for college admission. Interestingly, while both ACT and SAT were originally acronyms (American College Testing and Scholastic Achievement Test, respectively) both are now recognized brand names with no official meaning.   Both tests measure students’ aptitude for math, reading, and writing. The ACT measures general knowledge and college readiness and includes a science section. The SAT measures basic knowledge and critical thinking skills. The ACT has a section devoted specifically to science, while the SAT does not. The ACT also focuses more heavily on geometry than the SAT. Neither test penalizes for wrong answers and both include an optional essay portion. The SAT takes slightly longer to complete than the ACT because it offers more time to complete each section. Should Homeschoolers Take the SAT or ACT? Will your teen be attending college? Most colleges and universities require ACT or SAT results for admission. Some colleges and universities are becoming â€Å"test optional† or â€Å"test flexible.† However, even for schools who dont weigh test scores  as heavily, they may still play a role in the admissions process. In the past, some schools preferred or required one test over the other. Today, all four-year colleges in the United States will accept either test, but its still recommended to read the admissions policies for schools to which your student will be applying.   Its also important to find out if potential schools require (or prefer) that students complete the optional essay portions  of the test.   Community or technical colleges accept scores from either the ACT or SAT, but they may also offer their own entrance exams. Some students find these exams less stressful and easier to schedule. Finally, the ACT or SAT may be necessary for teens entering the military. Schools such as West Point and the U.S. Naval Academy require scores from either test. A four-year ROTC scholarship from the Army also requires a minimum score on either of the two. Benefits of Taking the SAT or ACT A nationally standardized test can help a college-bound homeschool student objectively assess college readiness. If the exam reveals weak areas, students can focus on improving those trouble spots. Then, they can retest before applying for college admission to avoid taking non-credit remedial classes. Academically strong students may wish to take the Preliminary SAT/Nation Merit Scholarship  Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT) in  10th or 11th grade. Doing so will allow them to compete for scholarships.  Homeschoolers can take the PSAT/NMSQT  by registering with a local school offering the test.   Even if your teen is not attending college, there are benefits to taking the ACT or SAT.   First, test scores can help homeschool graduates combat the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"mommy grade† stigma. Potential employers may question the validity of a homeschool diploma, but they can’t challenge a standardized test score. If a student can achieve scores comparable to his traditionally-schooled counterparts, it stands to reason that his education was equivalent, as well. Second, the ACT and SAT satisfy state testing requirements. Many states require that homeschooled students take nationally standardized tests annually or at regularly-occurring intervals. The SAT and ACT meet those requirements. SAT or ACT - Does It Matter Which? If potential colleges and universities dont indicate a preference, choosing the SAT or ACT is a  personal choice. Lee Binz, author of several college prop books for homeschoolers and owner of the blog The HomeScholar, says that studies have shown that girls do better on the ACT and boys do better on the SAT – but statistics aren’t 100% accurate. Your student can  take practice tests for both exams to determine if he performs better or feels more confident on one. He may even wish to complete both exams and submit scores from the one on which he scores best. Your student may choose which test to take  based on the convenience of testing locations and dates.  If he isn’t planning to attend college or is attending one for which admissions aren’t highly competitive, either exam will work. The ACT is offered four to six times throughout the year. Homeschool students can register on the ACT testing site and follow the directions for downloading the necessary documents for testing day. The homeschool high school code for the ACT is 969999. Homeschooled students can also register online for the SAT. The SAT is offered seven times a year in the United States. Testing dates are available in October, November, December, January, March/April, May, and June. The universal SAT homeschool high school code is 970000. How to Prepare for the SAT or ACT Once your student decides which test to take, he needs to begin preparing. Prep courses There are many options for prep courses for both tests. Books and study guides are available at most major bookstores. There are online prep classes and study groups available for  both  the ACT and SAT.  Your student may also be able to find  in-person test prep classes. Check with your local or state-wide homeschool support group for these. Study Students should set up a regular study schedule in the weeks leading up to the test. They should use this time to work through study guides and practice tests and familiarize themselves with helpful test-taking strategies.   Practice tests Students also need to take practice tests. These are available from both testing sites. Both offer free sample questions and study guides. The more familiar your student is with the process, the more confident he will be on testing day.

Essay on Brainstem Injuries and the Neuropsychologist

Brainstem Injuries and the Neuropsychologist The Neuropsychologist plays an essential function in assessment and rehabilitation after an injury to the head. Neuropsychologists essentially bear responsibility for testing and tracking the patients thinking ability. Below are key functions provided by clinical neuropsychologists: - Carrying out detailed assessments of cognition, emotion, behavior, and social competence; - Devising and implementing training programs; - Liaising with educational agencies/ employers to advise on the resumption of educational/ vocational life; - Advising on the management cognitive deficits/ disabilities; - Advising and providing long term care; - Providing†¦show more content†¦- Provide a profile of strengths and weaknesses to guide rehabilitation, educational, vocational, or other services. - Document changes in functioning since prior examinations, including effects of treatment. - Clarify what compensatory strategies would help. - Result in referrals to other specialists, such as educational therapists, cognitive rehabilitation professionals, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, special education teachers, or vocational counselors (www.neuropsychologycentral.com, 2005). Neuropsychologists evaluate and monitor the course of recovery or the efficiency of rehabilitation. And the big question Is the person getting better? A Neuropsychological evaluation may be essential to verify whether a person really has a brainstem injury. The effects of stress, medications, and or depression can be easily confused with mild brain injury. Some research indicates that neuropsychologists have noticed an absence of depression in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, yet cortisol is reduced below normal levels in those patients (Reiter, 2005). Is the persons brain really injured or is there another reason for the assumed behavior? Is the brain injury still apparent? What are the causes of the brain injury? These are the types of diagnostic questions a neuropsychologist can answer (www.neuropsychologycentral.com,Show MoreRelatedWilliam s Parkinson s Disease And Miguel s Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesresolve with 24 hours. Those with severe HIE could have long terms effects like epilepsy, motor and cognitive impairment and neurodevelopmental delays. 2. Differences between Broca’s Aphasia and Wernicke’s Aphasia Aphasia is associated with brain injuries, like strokes, that affects the brain’s language areas resulting in a person being impaired in processing and using language. According to the textbook, there are six principle types of aphasia. Broca’s aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia are two of theseRead MoreConcussions And Their Impacts On Life1864 Words   |  8 PagesOnce flippantly referred to as having one’s bell rung, mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) or concussions are no innocuous contusions. Annually in the United States, approximately 1.7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury that is confirmed through diagnosis. Of these, roughly 75% are categorized as mTBIs or concussions, although the total number of concussions may be slighted considering 81-92% of these injuries do not result in loss of consciousness. Recent controversy concerning professional

Galileo And Church Essay Research Paper Galileo free essay sample

Galileo And Church Essay, Research Paper Galileo, Science and the Church, by Jerome J. Langford, are about the tests and trials of Galileo with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1600? s. The church did non hold with Galileo? s thoughts ; chiefly theories associated with Copernican uranology. The primary purpose of Langford is to convey the truth of Galileo? s tests to his readers, and to demo that finally Galileo was correct in his theories and was non seeking to travel against the churches? belief. Galileo was simply seeking to seek truth in scientific discipline, and wanted to be known as a historical scientific figure. Therefore, Galileo was unjustly accused, ridiculed, and convicted of unorthodoxy. In Galileo? s defence of unorthodoxy, Langford writes, ? This was an unfortunate determination on several histories. First the Copernican sentiment was treated as dissident when, in world, it was non. ? ( 155 ) Langford goes on to explicate that the theological Consultors in 1616 recognized the Earth? s mobility as? officially dissident? , but this did non do the stationariness of the Earth a affair of religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Galileo And Church Essay Research Paper Galileo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Catholic philosophers and theologists besides agree that the edict of the Holy Office did non do the stationariness of the Earth or the mobility of the Sun a affair of religion. These points clearly support the statement of Galileo? s unfair strong belief of unorthodoxy. Langford besides uses extracts of other Hagiographas to exemplify his chief points. The following is one of many extracts Langford uses: ? Inasmuch as no dogmatic determination was rendered in this instance, either on the portion of the Pope or on the portion of a Council ruled by the Pope and approved by him, it is non, by virtuousness of that edict of the Congregation, a philosophy of religion that the Sun is traveling and the Earth standing still? . Yet every Catholic is bound by virtuousness of obeisance to conform to the edict of the Congregation, or at least non to learn what is straight opposed to it. ? ( 156 ) This extract, as do many others, clearly support Langford? s statement. The church disagreed with Galileo? s ideas. They really went as far as stating Galileo that he was to halt prophesying his thoughts every bit long as he was involved with the church. Langford writes, ? Yet, remembering the tone of the prohibition, Urban conceded that so long as Galileo treated the Copernican theory as a hypothesis, he could compose all he wanted on the subject. ? ( 114 ) If he would go forth the church, he would be able to voice his sentiments and thoughts freely. I believe Langford? s clever usage of extracts ; turn out that he is non entirely in his belief that Galileo was wrongly accused. He besides gets his point across by observing that the stationariness of the Earth is non a affair of religion. This alone demonstrates that Galileo did non perpetrate unorthodoxy. My sentiment is that the church should hold allowed Galileo to voice his sentiment of the Copernican theory because he was seeking to seek the truth in scientific discipline, to break educate the universe, non seeking to travel straight against the church. Therefore, Langford has succeeded in his belief that Galileo was below the belt convicted of unorthodoxy.

MM76 Provide Leadership Across the Organization

Question: Discuss about the MM76 for Provide Leadership Across the Organization. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of this report is to define strategic direction for ZieTel for opening a new business centre in Sydney. It discusses the company's current objectives, values, and standards. Additionally, it also discusses the importance of building positive environment and work culture, application of motivational tools and ethical principles as well as the use of leadership style to resolve the conflicts. 1. Strategic Direction Strategic directions are identified and set by the management for the organization to determine the guidance and aim with the use of suitable strategies (Pereraa and Peirob, 2012). It also sets the framework to move forward and define suitable actions to reach at aim. In concern to the new Sydney office, three aspects are identified towards which the strategic direction will be set. First, aspect is the new business centre's mission, which will also define the ultimate aim of the company (Bunn, Savage, and Holloway, 2002). The mission of the centre will be "to provide coffee machines which are within expectation of cafes and restaurants' reliability, efficiency and sustainability." Secondly, the long-term vision will be determined as " to get a leading position in Australian market by providing sustainable and reliable products to customers. After this, to define the strategic directions, the firm's internal and external market will be assessed. For the reason, it would be helpful in identifying best strategies to ensure the achievement of long-term vision and mission. The identified and set strategic direction for the company is to successfully open the new business centre in Sydney and recruiting of staff successfully. At Sydney office, to ensure the success of the company, some people will be hired externally, who are highly skilled, knowledgeable and experienced, and some will be transferred from the Melbourne office. This strategic direction matches with the company's core objectives, resources, and other environmental situations, thus would be beneficial to ensure business growth and success (Pereraa and Peirob, 2012). Objectives, Values and Standards Objectives The listed below are the objectives that are in accordance with the company's strategic direction: To become a number one importer in the market (Sydney) for imported Espresso coffee machines in the next three years. To attain a profit margin growth of 5% in the next three years. To keep constant growth in profits and market share and increase long-term shareholder value. To attain the environmental objective of reducing the company's carbon footprint by 10% within the next three years. To build a team of highly motivated, committed, encouraged and self-directed people. Values The organizational values are the set of rules, principles, and cultural background that govern a company and its behaviour. The main values of the company include innovativeness, efficiency, customer satisfaction (through high quality product, effective services, and competent prices), job satisfaction, prosperity, supplier relationship, increase profits, and create shareholder value. Its values also include ethical behaviour and environmental protection system to develop long-term brand image. Standards The company promotes high standards including respect, integrity, honesty, fairness, and code of conduct. In addition, ZieTel also promotes ethical standards to make sure about the long-term business survival. The above values and standards will also be followed by the employees at the new Sydney office to successfully attain the predetermined objectives. Ethical requirements of the new staff will be related to maintain honesty, respect, unity, share information, and compliance with code of conduct. Linkage among Organizational Values, Objectives and Standards It is identified that the terms organizational values, objectives and standards are related with each-other. It is assessed that all these support managers in successfully accomplishing the company's strategic objectives. The company's values and standards are linked with each-other as standards are established based on the organizational values or values are based on the business standards or different systems and processes (Schermerhorn, 2010). For example, ZieTel's business values such as innovativeness, satisfaction of customer, environmental protection, etc. meet with the business standards such as honesty, fairness, etc. Furthermore, business objectives are also established by considering the business value and standards. For instance, ZieTel's business objectives consider the organizational value to create shareholder value and enhance customer satisfaction rate. Relationship Between Objectives and Responsibilities In order to ensure the attainment of all the business objectives, linkage between objectives and individuals' responsibilities is also developed. For instance, firstly, a team of highly skilled and motivated staff is developed to make sure the attainment of business objectives. Additionally, responsibilities are defined and allocated in such a way that ensure the achievement of objectives (Hodges, 2016). For example, it is the responsibility of the HR manager to recruit right people for right job in the company. Additionally, HR manager has also the responsibility that the selected employees have the skills to discuss issues so that their solutions can be identified adequately and timely. It would be helpful to attain business objectives related to attain profits, improve market share, and ensure the long-term business growth and success. It is because the inclusion of highly talented and skilled staff in the business would be beneficial to produce and deliver high quality of product s to customers with excellent services. Communication To ensure the achievement of strategic objectives, it is essential that there is clarity of organizational goals and roles to different employees. It is because when roles and goals are clear to the team members, they know what is expected to them and how they can fulfil those expectations. To aware employees about the company's expectation, regular communication will be ensured in terms of communicating mission, objectives, vision, values, strategies, authorities, responsibilities, and accountabilities (Cowan, 2000). At the same time, suitable communication channels will be used to clearly communicate with different internal and external stakeholders. In this, the use of appropriate channels would ensure that all the employees are engaged, highly committed and inspired to contribute in the organizational success. Both direct and indirect communication methods will be used to communicate with individuals. For example, regular meetings, e-mail conversions, company reports, training, etc. would be used to communicate expectations to the individuals. In this, the direct communication with the employees would be helpful to build commitment to attain the business objectives and contribute in the long-term success (Pereraa and Peirob, 2012). For example, supervisor can directly communicate with the staff and can support them in their jobs and provide adequate guidance and feedbacks. All these would be beneficial to enhance employees' commitment level. In addition, the direct discussion on performance measurements, reward systems, etc. can also be beneficial to improve the employees' commitment level. Moreover, through the use of appropriate communication channels such as memos, annual reports, and other reports, regular communication with external stakeholders will also be maintained (Henry, 2008). It would also be beneficial to retain their trust in the business and make sure about the success. In last, the ethical behaviour will also be maintained during communication with different groups of people. For instance, disclose of all necessary information, maintain confidentiality of information where required, etc. in order to fulfil the organizational objectives in an ethical manner. 1. Positive Role Model Leaders/managers play as role models for how individuals should live their lives in both personal and professional manner through decision-making and behaving in ways that consistently present high values (Podesta, 2009). In order to become a positive role model it is not essential that how much the leader and manager achieve in the workplace, but it is important to show how he/she feels about being there. Similarly, to be the role model, the manager's behaviour will demonstrate that he feels very proud and happy to work with the company. Additionally, the manager would also talk enthusiastically about the new projects he/she plans to take on for the company, as it will also be beneficial to send a positive message resulting in becoming a positive role model. In addition, the use of positive words and actions, commitment to help others, valuing people and their ideas, and making other people feel valuable and important would also be beneficial to become a positive role model (Podesta , 2009). Building of Positive Work Environment In the new business centre of the company, the leader and manager will identify and develop positive work environments in order to inspire employees, meet expectations of the customers, and develop confidence of the investors. In order to build positive work environment, the manager would give attention to the working environment as forms of how things are done (Ulrich and Ulrich, 2010). In addition, smooth interactions between the workers and their supervisors would be ensured to develop positive work environment. Moreover, through collaboration and regular monitoring of the work environment, the manager would develop positive business environment (Marrelli, 2010). The manager would also ensure effective organizational communication, systems, policies, practices, and leadership behaviours to make effective the work environment. Additionally, through the celebration of wins, motivation of others, change the respond way, employee engagement, share of positive feelings, and the positiv e reinforcement, a sound working culture will be developed. 2. Communication and Consultation Effective communication and consultation are the best ways to build trust and confidence with employees. The manager would create an open working environment and will also utilize effectual channels of communication to make sure that the expectations of both employees and the employer are clear and well spoken. It will support the manager to tackle the employees' expectations effectively resulting in developing and maintaining trust in the company (Hodges, 2016). Additionally, the manager would also communicate the company's vision, mission, and values to the employees in order to build and maintain trust. It is because clear communication of vision and values will support employees to put their actions into right directions. Moreover, the manager would also communicate to employees that they are valued and important partners for the organization, which will also be supportive in building and keeping trust with them. It is because when employees will feel that they are valued by the company, it will help them to develop trust. Similarly, consultation would also be helpful to build and maintain trust because it will ensure the availability of continuous communication process in the organization consequently building and maintaining employees' trust and confidence (Forth and Millward, 2002). 3. Improve Current Culture The manager would ensure that there is open and clear communication within the organization, to improve the current work culture (Nwadukwe and Timinepere, 2012). It is because when employees will have knowledge about the company's objectives, values, and working standards, they will work accordingly resulting in performing at a higher level. In addition, by building close relationship with employees, supporting their ideas, addressing their concerns and problems, appreciating their performance, hiring right people, and organizing regular meetings would also be beneficial for the manager to get better the organizational work culture. Moreover, the manager would also make sure that the high performers are valued and rewarded to improve the current work culture (Marrelli, 2010). The manager would also work actively with employees to improve the work culture because it will facilitate employee engagement and commitment. The manager would use different resources such as capital, equipments, people, and processes to improve the work culture (Schermerhorn, 2010). For instance, current HR processes will be improved by involving HR managers. Additionally, effective communication channels will be used to ensure adequate, clear, and open communication. Additionally, more funds will be employed to implement effective information and communication system and change the current HR processes and system (Rudani, 2007). 4. Global Environment and Technologies Today's business environment is highly dynamic, competitive, and associated with global business challenges. In such a environment, it is essential for managers to consider global environment and new technologies in the workplace in order to ensure the long-term business growth and survival (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2008). The manager would demonstrate the understanding of global business environment by building a continuous change management system and market research program. It is because as new production processes, new equipment and machinery, and computer systems are constantly evolving due to the global business environment, the implementation of change management program will be helpful to develop organizational capability to produce new products and services (Russell Taylor, 2006). The manager would also show understanding of new technologies by changing the way to communicate with customers, distribution of products, and use of manufacturing equipment as per the changes take n place in the global technological environment (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2008). In addition, the manager would also implement information management system, decision support system, electronic communication system for both employees and customers with the use of new technologies (Conklin, 2010). Additionally, the manager would also implement environment sustainable technologies to compliance with the need of new technologies and global environment. New technologies will also be adopted for different work activities including hiring new staff and know about the customers' expectations for the new business centre. Moreover, to ensure the successful implementation of new technologies in the business, new ideas from the employees would be taken as well as meetings will be organized to discuss the benefits of using those technologies from both personal and organizational point of view (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2008). It would be beneficial to ensure the effective implementation of change and accessibility. In addition, new technologies will be implemented in such a way that provides adequate flexibility to each member and ensure work-life balance. 5. Individual Consultation The manager would like to make the behavioural consultation approach while doing any consultation with an individual. Under this approach, the manager would use the learning principles to assist an individual having a work related issue with the customer or any organizational process or system (Dougherty, 2013). A systematic problem solving process would be used to accomplish behavioural consultation and the results will contribute in changing the behaviour of the individual. There are three approaches of behavioural consultation including case, training, or system approaches. The manager would use the training consultation approach as it would be beneficial for both internal and external groups and individuals. In this, the manager would prepare the individual in the use of general as well as specific behavioural principles for future use with customers and other processes and systems. The risk can be found in any stage of the training behavioural consultation approach (Dinkmeyer, Dinkmeyer, Jon, and Michel, 2015). For example, in the stage of identifying the training needs of the employees, it is likely that the manager did not recognize all the needs of the individuals effectively resulting in increasing unnecessary training cost. Additionally, the lack of time and resources can also affect the success rate of this consultation. Therefore, the manager would follow a risk management plan and identify and assess adequately training needs of the individuals to improve the consultation results. Moreover, the plan and results will be measured regularly to ensure the long-term business success. 1. Delegation of Responsibilities In order to open a new business centre in Sydney, accountability and responsibility of the staff including HR manager, general manager, accountant, warehouse manager, and maintenance manager will be defined. Through effective delegation, the responsibility and accountability of the staff will be documented as below: HR Manager The HR manager has different authorities including build plans, develop teams, empower other people, recruit and select employees, and utilization of resources effectively in order to take decision, and give orders to attain the organizational objectives (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). In addition, the HR manager will be responsible for developing teams that are highly motivated, self-directed, and involving encouraged people. Moreover, the HR manager will also be responsible for hiring right people for right job so that business objectives can be meet successfully. It will also be the duty of the HR manager to create the position of general manager so that the objective of attaining business growth can be attained. In last, HR manager will also be accountable for the position of general manager in terms that the GM work in an efficient and effective manner to contribute in the achievement of long-term business goals and objectives. General Manager The GM has the power to make decision, utilize organizational resources, get work done from accounts managers, and get adequate information (Munado Perkins, 2013). The GM will be responsible for reporting to the CEO and providing creative leadership for the management, coordination, and administration of the new business venture. The GM will have also the responsibility to ensure the attainment of the organizational strategic direction. In addition, he/she will also be accountable for the actions of the accounts manager. Accountant Accounts manager has the authority to get information about firm's financial statements, internal control systems, budgets, etc. Additionally, the manager has also the power to utilize resources and make suitable decisions. The responsibility of accounts manager include control of credit, prepare budgets, effective maintenance of the accounts receivable, and internal control systems. The manager will also be accountable for the actions of an accounts clerk, who will be responsible for entering data as well as managing accounts receivable and payable systems. Warehouse Manager The warehouse manager will have the authority to effectively work done from warehouse staff, take decisions, and allocate resources adequately. The manager will be responsible for safe storage, managing goods inventory, handling of warehouse merchandise and the timely dispatch as per the customers orders. It has also the responsibility to report the general manager timely and properly. The manager will also be accountable for the actions and performance of warehouse staff. Maintenance Manager The manager has the power to get work done through technicians, attain information, make decisions and utilize resources. The manager will be responsible for reporting to the general manager, timely maintenance of customer machine complaints, operations safety, management of spare parts, and regular maintenance programs. The manager will be accountable for the actions of the technicians. 2. Motivation of Employees Firstly, the manager will work to develop and maintain a healthy, positive and motivating work environment so that the employees can be motivated to work effectively and contribute in the organizational success (Phillips Gully, 2011). Additionally, different motivational theories will be used to motivate the employees to develop innovative ideas to work. For instance, the manager can use McClelland's motivational theory to satisfy different needs such as power, achievement, and afflation of the employees including warehouse staff, accounts clerk, technicians, etc (Heneman Greenberger, 2002). The use of this theory would be helpful in enhancing satisfaction, developing innovative ideas, and improving performance of the employees. Additionally, the manager will also encourage individuals and teams to develop innovative approaches by providing appropriate rewards, designing of monetary and non-monetary benefits, performance management, and promotions (Gagne, 2014). Furthermore, the manager can support employees to provide their initiatives and if he finds that the ideas of the employees are in line with organizational policies and standards, the ideas can be discussed with the top management. It will also be beneficial for the motivation employees. In addition, the manager can also utilize the McGregors theory Y and adopt ways such as reduce control and provide greater flexibility to employees to encourage them to develop work related innovative ideas (Kenton Penn, 2009). The availability of adequate management support, career and knowledge development opportunities, and incentives would also be beneficial to boost the morale and motivation level of employees to work innovatively. It would also be beneficial to ensure regular participation of different employees in professional networking resulting in firm's long-term business survival and growth. 1. Ethical Principles The manager would like different ethical principles such as truthfulness, fairness, justice, respect for autonomy, do not harm and do good to be adopted in the workplace (Ford, 2000). The manager would follow ethical leadership and show the personal traits such as honestly, credibility, fair, principled decision-making, and behaving ethically in both personal and professional life (Thoms, 2008). For example, the manager would not discriminate among employees on the basis of personal judgements, but their performance will be reviewed for the purpose of promotion and rewards. Similarly, the manager would also maintain the confidentiality of information, which is confide by a customer or employee personally. Additionally, to encourage other team members to adopt business ethics, the manager will influence followers' ethical and unethical behaviour by building ethics an open and clear part of the leadership program (Thoms, 2008). For this, the manager will use role modelling, communication, and rewards and sanctions. Moreover, in influencing other people to adopt ethics, the manager will ensure reinforcement, two-way communication, and decision-making. In addition to these, in the business, ethical practices will be encouraged, mutual trust and respect among followers will be developed, and conflict resolution among stakeholders with competing interest (Thoms, 2008). 2. Conflict Resolution In order to resolve the conflict between two sales team members over territory sharing, the manager would follow leadership style as "managing by walking around". This style will be chosen because it will allow the manager to feel the organization's pulse and recognize issues that have potential to worsen conflict (Cloke and Goldsmith, 2013). For example, by adopting this style, the manager would identify other issues between team members, which are likely to aggravate the situation. It would be beneficial to handle the conflicting situation effectively. In addition, by listening the perception of both the team members, the manager would create understanding about the issue and take suitable actions to overcome the issue (Cloke and Goldsmith, 2013). Furthermore, the manager would use the skills including effective decision-making, conflict resolution, motivational, interpersonal, and communication to resolve the issue effectively. Thus, it can be stated that the use of this leadership style would be beneficial to resolve the issue effectively. Conclusion On the basis of above discussion, it can be stated that by clearly defining strategic directions, value, and objectives as well as the development of linkage among them can be helpful to successfully open the new business centre in Sydney. It can also be concluded that building of effective working environment, use of adequate communication channel, motivation, and delegation of authorities would also be helpful to ensure the long-term success. References Bunn, M. D., Savage, G. T and Holloway, B. S. (2002) Stakeholder analysis for multi-sector innovations. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 17(2/3), pp.181-203. Cloke, K. and Goldsmith, J. (2011) Resolving Conflicts at Work: Eight Strategies for Everyone on the Job. USA: John Wiley Sons. Conklin, D. W. (2010) The Global Environment of Business: New Paradigms for International Management. USA: SAGE. Cowan, J (2000) Consent and clinical governance: improving standards and skills. British Journal of Clinical Governance, 5(2), pp.124-128. Dinkmeyer, D. C., Dinkmeyer, D., Jon, C., and Michel, R. E. (2015) Consultation: Creating School-Based Interventions. UK: Routledge. Dougherty, A. M. (2013) Psychological Consultation and Collaboration in School and Community Settings. USA: Cengage Learning. Ford, G. G. (2000) Ethical Reasoning in the Mental Health Professions. USA: CRC Press. Forth, J. A., and Millward, N. (2002) The Growth of Direct Communication. UK: CIPD Publishing. Gagne, M. (2014) The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-Determination Theory. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. Griffin, R. W. Moorhead, G. (2011) Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. USA: Cengage Learning Heneman, R.L. Greenberger, D.B. (2002) Human resource management in virtual organizations. USA: IAP. Henry, A. (2008) Understanding Strategic Management. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. Hodges, J. (2016) Managing and Leading People Through Organizational Change: The theory and practice of sustaining change through people. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Kenton, B. Penn, S. (2009) Change, Conflict and Community: Challenging Thought and Action. UK: Routledge. Marrelli, A. (2010) Managing for Engagement -- Communication, Connection, and Courage. DIANE Publishing. Munado, R. Perkins, S. (2013) Organizational Behaviour: People, Process, Work and Human Resource Management. USA: Kogan Page. Nwadukwe, U. C. and Timinepere, C. O. (2012) Management Styles and Organizational Effectiveness: An Appraisal of Private Enterprises in Eastern Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(9), pp. 198-204. Pereraa, F. P. R and Peirob, M. (2012) Strategic Planning in Healthcare Organizations. Rev Esp Cardiol, 65(8), pp. 49-54. Phillips, J. Gully, S. (2011) Organizational Behavior: Tools for Success. USA: Cengage Learning. Podesta, C. (2009) How to Stay Employed in Tough Times: The Insider's Guide to Being #1 in the Workplace. Simon and Schuster. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2008) Student Achievement Series: Foundations of Business. USA: Cengage Learning. Rudani, R.B. (2007) Management Organizational Behaviour. USA: McGraw-Hill Education. Russell Taylor (2006) OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: QUALITY AND COMPETITIVENESS IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, 5TH ED. USA: John Wiley Sons. Schermerhorn, J.R. (2010) Management. 11th ed. USA: John Wiley Sons. Thoms, J. C. (2008). Ethical integrity in leadership and organizational moral culture. Leadership, 4(4), 419-442. Ulrich, D. and Ulrich, W. (2010) The Why Of Work. McGraw-Hill Education.

IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management

Risk Identification And Justification The identified disaster risk is tornado, which is defined as â€Å"a violently rotating column in contact with the ground that is usually overhanging from a parent cumulonimbus cloud† (Vinod 2011, par 7).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This disaster brings lots of impacts to the community living in the region. Though most Tornados last for only a few minutes, they have been viewed as being the most destructive meteorological disasters in the world. However, there are those Tornados which might last for several hours, and might even travel for a very long distance apart from being wide. Due to the fact that this risk is prone during storms, heavy rains and bad weather conditions particularly in the evening, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) will be affected most in ca se Tornado strikes the region. This is because of its location and weather patterns. In addition, since IUB is located within right front Quadrant, it will be affected by tornadoes and heavy rains; which might lead to life and property loss, as well as infrastructure destruction. IUB Vulnerability Due to the fact that Tornado is a natural disaster that locations around IUB need to be prepared of; there are lots of vulnerabilities in the University. There are many facilities in IUB that are being controlled by many people. For instance, in case the disaster happens and affect learning institutions like Universities in the region, the university will incur a lot of losses. For example, the university has buildings being used as classrooms, offices, dining halls, stores, and hostels among other things. In case such buildings are destroyed by Tornado, the university will have to incur lots of expenses to rebuild them. In addition, in case classrooms are destroyed, learning activities wi ll be affected much. This is because before rebuilding, learning process for students within the campus will come to a standstill first. On the other hand, if hostels are destroyed, where will boarding students spend their night? This means that the university will have to either incur other expenses of renting houses for them, or close the university till they rebuild them. Nevertheless, in case dining places are destroyed, it will be very hard for students, lecturers and university workers to have their meals. There are other buildings within the university being used as seminar and meeting rooms. Such buildings might not necessarily be used by student population, but they might be used by lecturers, administrators and even the surrounding communities. In case of destruction, what will happen to them?Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, the IUB houses other buildings which are being used as business premises, and a very large percentage of such buildings will be destroyed in case Tornado strikes the area. This will result to a halt of important services offered by this business community. Apart from this stoppage, it will also result to destruction of income sources of such individuals who drives the economy of the country. There are other buildings within IUB that might bring lots of effect to the livelihood of the community leaving in IUB, for instance, the libraries acting as source of information to all people. In addition, the university houses the supercomputing and as well as network equipment which in total costs about 50 million dollars. In case this centre is destroyed, the information technology will incur a very big loss. To protect the centre from Tornado destruction, the university has constructed an â€Å"82,700 square-foot Data Centre is designed to withstand the strongest tornadoes, as well as a host of other po tential disasters† (Indian Red Cross 2008, par 8). On the other hand, structures like roads will be destroyed, and this will lead to a halt in transport within and without IUB. There are chances that communications within and without the region will be cut down, and this will have lots of impacts on the community, government and non government agencies (Vinod 2011, par 3). In general, the university has placed several warnings concerning Tornado occurrences and ways through which people can stay safe. Risk Assessment of the Threat Though Tornados are very destructive in nature, the probability that they will strike India including IUB is very low. It is perceived that, in a year, this disaster might happen only once or twice. Most of these tornados in India have been reported during April and June, which are hot months in India (Indian Red Cross 2008, par 4). The most destructive incidences have been observed in â€Å"northeast India, northwest India, central parts of the Cou ntry and southwest Peninsula. Tornados over eastern and north-eastern parts of the country are more severe in intensity than those of other regions† (Geophys Union 2005, par 5). In 2002, Ellettsville town, which is only a few miles from IUB, experienced an F3 category tornado. This disaster occurred with winds travelling at a speed of 200 miles per hour. This led to a destruction of properties worth $ 10 million. Plan of Action for My Personal Safety My action plan for personal safety entails the following activities:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaving my home immediately the government announces evacuation program. Am always aware of security conditions around the area by listening to news and reading newspapers. I have identified exit routes and emergence telephone numbers. Always avoiding overcrowde d areas as they seem to be more insecure and dangerous. Checking and listening to news updates concerning weather condition. Checking out for special medicines as well as drugs Moving valuables to safer grounds in advance. Staying indoors part away from windows Some of the necessary resources during Tornado include money, boats, axes, food, radio/television, batteries, imperishable foods, spotlight, blankets, phone and very strong houses (Emergency.iub.edu 2011, par 8). Conclusion The occurrence of Tornado around IUB is real. This is as a result of its geographical location as well as historical events. Due to the fact that this area has learning institutions like Indiana University Bloomington and other infrastructures being used by many people from different regions as well as from IUB itself, the impact will be of great loss to the population in case the population is not well prepared. The event will not only affect economic activities, but it will also have lots of effects on peoples social life, and students’ education. However, in case the community around IUB is well educated and prepared, then this risk will be managed. Education can be conducted to ensure that people know what to do to ensure that they are safe, for instance, building windstorm resistant houses. The federal emergency management authorities should also educate people on how to inculcate disaster preparedness culture among the people of IUB. During evacuation, it is good to carry things like blankets, imperishable foods, apart from knowing exit routs and emergency phone numbers. Work Cited Indian Red Cross. Severe Local Storms and Tornadoes. 2008. Web. Vinod, Sharma. Natural Disaster Management in India. 2011. Web. Geophys Union. Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years. 2005. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Emergency.  Preparing Campuses for Protection. 2011. Web. This research paper on IUB Natural Disaster Risk Assessments and Risk Management was written and submitted by user Keith V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia

Wars in the Former Yugoslavia In the early 1990s, the Balkan country of Yugoslavia fell apart in a series of wars which saw ethnic cleansing and genocide return to Europe. The driving force was not age-old ethnic tensions (as the Serb side liked to proclaim), but distinctly modern nationalism, fanned by the media and driven by politicians. As Yugoslavia collapsed, majority ethnicities pushed for independence. These nationalist governments ignored their minorities or actively persecuted them, forcing them out of jobs. As propaganda made these minorities paranoid, they  armed themselves and smaller actions degenerated into a bloody set of wars. While the situation was rarely as clear as Serb versus Croat versus Muslim, many small civil wars erupted over decades of rivalry and those key patterns existed. Context: Yugoslavia and the Fall of Communism The Balkans had been the site of conflict between the Austrian and Ottoman Empires for centuries before both collapsed during World War I. The peace conference which redrew the maps of Europe created the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes out of territory in the area, pushing together groups of people who soon quarreled about how they wished to be governed. A strictly centralized state formed, but opposition continued, and in 1929 the king dismissed representative government- after the Croat leader was shot while at parliament- and began to rule as a monarchical dictator. The kingdom was renamed Yugoslavia, and the new government purposefully ignored the existing and traditional regions and peoples. In 1941, as World War II spread over the continent, Axis soldiers invaded. During the course of the war in Yugoslavia- which had turned from a war against the Nazis and their allies to a messy civil war complete with ethnic cleansing- communist partisans rose to prominence. When liberation was achieved it was the communists who took power under their leader, Josip Tito. The old kingdom was now replaced by a federation of supposedly six equal republics, which included Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia, and two autonomous regions, including Kosovo. Tito kept this nation together partly by sheer force of will and a communist party which cut across ethnic boundaries, and, as the USSR broke with Yugoslavia, the latter took its own path. As Tito’s rule continued, ever more power filtered down, leaving just the Communist Party, the army, and Tito to hold it together. However, after Tito died, the different wishes of the six republics began to pull Yugoslavia apart, a situation exacerbated by the collapse of the USSR in the late 1980s, leaving just a Serb-dominated army. Without their old leader, and with the new possibilities of free elections and self-representation, Yugoslavia divided. The Rise of Serbian Nationalism Arguments began over centralism with a strong central government, versus federalism with the six republics having greater powers. Nationalism emerged, with people pushing for splitting Yugoslavia up or forcing it together under Serb domination. In 1986, the Serbian Academy of Sciences issued a Memorandum which became a focal point for Serb nationalism by reviving ideas of a Greater Serbia. The Memorandum claimed Tito, a Croat/Slovene, had deliberately tried to weaken Serb areas, which some people believed, as it explained why they were doing relatively poorly economically compared to the northern regions of Slovenia and Croatia. The Memorandum also claimed Kosovo had to remain Serbian, despite a 90 percent Albanian population, because of the importance to Serbia of a 14th century battle in that region. It was a conspiracy theory that twisted history, given weight by respected authors, and a Serb media which claimed Albanians were trying to rape and kill their way to genocide. They we ren’t. Tensions between Albanians and local Serbs exploded and the region began to fragment. In 1987, Slobodan Milosevic was a low-key but powerful bureaucrat who, thanks to the major support of Ivan Stambolic (who had risen to be Serbia’s Prime Minister) was able to leverage his position into an almost Stalin-like seizure of power in the Serb Communist Party by filling job after job with his own supporters. Until 1987 Milosevic was often portrayed as a dim-witted Stambolic lackey, but that year he was in the right place at the right time in Kosovo to make a televised speech in which he effectively seized control of the Serbian nationalism movement and then consolidated his part by seizing control of the Serbian communist party in a battle waged in the media. Having won and purged the party, Milosevic turned the Serb media into a propaganda machine which brainwashed many into paranoid nationalism. Milosevic than gained Serb ascendance over Kosovo, Montenegro, and Vojvodina, securing nationalist Serb power in four of the region’s units; the Yugoslav government c ould not resist. Slovenia now feared a Greater Serbia and set themselves up as the opposition, so the Serb media turned its attack onto Slovenes. Milosevic then started a boycott of Slovenia. With one eye on Milosevic’s human rights abuses in Kosovo, the Slovenes began to believe the future was out of Yugoslavia and away from Milosevic. In 1990, with Communism collapsing in Russia and across Eastern Europe, the Yugoslavia Communist Congress fragmented along nationalist lines, with Croatia and Slovenia quitting and holding multi-party elections in response to Milosevic trying to use it to centralize Yugoslav’s remaining power in Serb hands. Milosevic was then elected President of Serbia, thanks in part to removing $1.8 billion from the federal bank to use as subsidies. Milosevic now appealed to all Serbs, whether they were in Serbia or not, supported by a new Serb constitution which claimed to represent Serbs in other Yugoslav nations. The Wars for Slovenia and Croatia With the collapse of the communist dictatorships in the late 1980s, the Slovenian and Croatian regions of Yugoslavia held free, multi-party elections. The victor in Croatia was the Croatian Democratic Union, a right-wing party. The fears of the Serb minority were fuelled by claims from within the remainder of Yugoslavia that the CDU planned a return to the anti-Serb hatred of World War II. As the CDU had taken power partly as a nationalistic response to Serbian propaganda and actions, they were easily cast as the Ustasha reborn, especially as they began to force Serbs out of jobs and positions of power. The Serb-dominated region of Knin- vital for the much needed Croatian tourism industry- then declared itself a sovereign nation, and a spiral of terrorism and violence began between Croatian Serbs and Croats. Just as the Croats were accused of being Ustaha, so the Serbs were accused of being Chetniks. Slovenia held a plebiscite for independence, which passed due to large fears over Serb domination and Milosevics actions in Kosovo, and both Slovenia and Croatia began arming local military and paramilitaries. Slovenia declared independence on June 25, 1991, and the JNA (Yugoslavia’s Army, under Serbian control, but concerned whether their pay and benefits would survive the division into smaller states) was ordered in to hold Yugoslavia together. Slovenia’s independence was aimed more at breaking from Milosevic’s Greater Serbia than from the Yugoslav ideal, but once the JNA went in, full independence was the only option. Slovenia had prepared for a short conflict, managing to keep some of their weapons when the JNA had disarmed Slovenia and Croatia,  and hoped that the JNA would soon get distracted by wars elsewhere. In the end, the JNA was defeated in 10 days, partly because there were few Serbs in the region for it to stay and fight to protect. When Croatia also declared independence on June 25, 1991, following a Serb seizure of Yugoslavia’s presidency, clashes between Serbs and Croatians increased. Milosevic and the JNA used this as a reason to invade Croatia to try to protect the Serbs. This action was encouraged by the U.S. Secretary of State who told Milosevic that the U.S. would not recognize Slovenia and Croatia, giving the Serb leader the impression he had a free hand. A short war followed, where around a third of Croatia was occupied. The UN then acted, offering foreign troops to try and halt the warfare (in the form of UNPROFOR) and bring peace and demilitarization to the disputed areas. This was accepted by the Serbs because they’d already conquered what they wanted and forced other ethnicities out, and they wanted to use the peace to focus on other areas. The international community recognized Croatian independence in 1992, but areas remained occupied by the Serbs and protected by the UN. Before these could be reclaimed, the conflict in Yugoslavia spread because both Serbia and Croatia wanted to break up Bosnia between them. In 1995 Croatia’s government won back control of western Slavonia and central Croatia from the Serbs in Operation Storm, thanks in part to U.S. training and U.S. mercenaries; there was counter ethnic cleansing, and the Serb population fled. In 1996 pressure on Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic forced him to surrender eastern Slavonia and pull out his troops, and Croatia finally won back this region in 1998. UN Peacekeepers only left in 2002. The War for Bosnia After WWII, the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of Yugoslavia, populated by a mixture of Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, the latter being recognized in 1971 as a class of ethnic identity. When a census was taken in the aftermath of the collapse of Communism, Muslims comprised 44 percent of the population, with 32 percent Serbs and fewer Croats. The free elections held then produced political parties with corresponding sizes, and a three-way coalition of nationalist parties. However, the Bosnian Serb party- pushed by Milosevic- agitated for more. In 1991 they declared the Serb Autonomous Regions and a national assembly for Bosnian Serbs only, with supplies coming from Serbia and the former Yugoslavian military. The Bosnian Croats responded by declaring their own power blocs. When Croatia was recognized by the international community as independent, Bosnia held its own referendum. Despite Bosnian-Serbian disruptions, a massive majority voted for independence, declared on March 3, 1992. This left a large Serb minority which, fuelled by Milosevic’s propaganda, felt threatened and ignored and wanted to join with Serbia. They had been armed by Milosevic, and would not go quietly. Initiatives by foreign diplomats to peacefully break Bosnia into three areas, defined by the ethnicity of the locals, failed as fighting broke out. War spread throughout Bosnia as Bosnian Serb paramilitaries attacked Muslim towns and executed people en masse to force the populations out, to try and create a united land filled with Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs were led by Radovan Karadzic, but criminals soon formed gangs and took their own bloody routes. The term ethnic cleansing was used to describe their actions. Those who weren’t killed or had not fled were put into detention camps and mistreated further. Shortly after, two-thirds of Bosnia came under the control of forces commanded from Serbia. After setbacks- an international arms embargo which favored the Serbs, a conflict with Croatia which saw them ethnically cleanse too (such as at Ahmici)- the Croats and Muslims agreed  to a federation. They fought the Serbs to a standstill and then took back their  land. During this period, the U.N. refused to play any direct role despite evidence of genocide, preferring to provide humanitarian aid (which undoubtedly saved lives, but did not tackle the cause of the problem), a no-fly  zone, sponsoring safe areas, and promoting discussions such as the Vance-Owen Peace Plan. The latter has been much criticized as pro-Serb  but did involve them handing some conquered land back. It was scuppered by the international community. However, in 1995 NATO attacked Serbian forces after they ignored the U.N. This was thanks in no small part to one man, General Leighton W. Smith Jr., who was in charge in the area, although their effectiveness is debated. Peace talks- previously rejected by the Serbs but now accepted by a Milosevic who was turning against the Bosnian Serbs and their exposed weaknesses- produced the Dayton Agreement after the place of its negotiation in Ohio. This produced The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croats and Muslims, with 51 percent of the land, and a Bosnian Serb republic with 49 percent of the land. A 60,000 man international peacekeeping force was sent in (IFOR). No one was happy: no Greater Serbia, no Greater Croatia, and a devastated Bosnia-Hercegovina moving towards partition, with huge areas politically dominated by Croatia and Serbia. There had been millions of refugees, perhaps half of the Bosnian population. In Bosnia, elections in 1996 elected another triple government. The War for Kosovo By the end of the 1980s, Kosovo was a supposedly autonomous area within Serbia, with a 90 percent Albanian population. Because of the region’s religion and history- Kosovo was the location of a battle key in Serbian folklore and of some importance to Serbia’s actual history- many nationalist Serbs began to demand, not just control of the region but a resettlement program to oust the Albanians permanently. Slobodan Milosevic canceled Kosovar autonomy in 1988–1989, and Albanians retaliated with strikes and protests. A leadership emerged in the intellectual Democratic League of Kosovo, which aimed at pushing as far as they could towards independence without getting into a war with Serbia. A referendum called for independence, and newly autonomous structures were created within Kosovo itself. Given that Kosovo was poor and unarmed, this stance proved popular, and amazingly the region passed through the bitter Balkan wars of the early 1990s mostly unscathed. With ‘peace’, Kosovo was ignored by the negotiators and found itself still in Serbia. For many, the way the region had been sidelined and lumped into Serbia by the West suggested that peaceful protest wasn’t enough. A militant arm, which had emerged in 1993 and produced the Kosovan Liberation Army (KLA), now grew stronger and was bankrolled by those Kosovars who worked abroad and could provide foreign capital. The KLA committed their first major actions in 1996, and a cycle of terrorism and counter-attack flared up between Kosovars and Serbs. As the situation worsened and Serbia refused diplomatic initiatives from the West, NATO decided it could intervene, especially after Serbs massacred 45 Albanian villagers in a highly publicized incident. A last-ditch attempt at finding peace diplomatically- which has also been accused of simply being a Western sideshow to establish clear good and bad sides- led the Kosovar contingent to accept terms but the Serbs to reject it, thus allowing the West to portray the Serbs as at fault. There thus began on March 24 a very new type of war, one which lasted until June 10 but which was conducted entirely from the NATO end by airpower. Eight hundred thousand people fled their homes, and NATO failed to work with the KLA to coordinate things on the ground. This air war progressed ineffectually for NATO until they finally accepted that they would need ground troops, and went about getting them ready- and until Russia agreed to force Serbia to concede. Quite which one of these was the most important is still up for debate. Serbia was to pull all its troops and police (who were largely Serb) out of Kosovo, and the KLA was to disarm. A force of peacekeepers dubbed KFOR would police the region, which was to have full autonomy inside Serbia. The Myths of Bosnia There is a myth, widely spread during the wars of the former Yugoslavia and still around now, that Bosnia was a modern creation with no history, and that fighting for it was wrong (in as much as the western and international powers did fight for it). Bosnia was a medieval kingdom under a monarchy founded in the 13th century. It survived until the Ottomans conquered it in the 15th century. Its boundaries remained among the most consistent of the Yugoslavian states as administrative regions of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. Bosnia did have a history, but what it lacked was an ethnic or religious majority. Instead, it was a multi-cultural and relatively peaceful state. Bosnia was not torn apart by millennia-old religious or ethnic conflict, but by politics and modern tensions. Western bodies believed the myths (many spread by Serbia) and abandoned many in Bosnia to their fate. Western Lack of Intervention The wars in the former Yugoslavia could have proved even more embarrassing for  NATO, the UN, and the leading western nations like the U.K., U.S., and France, had the media chosen to report it as such. Atrocities were reported in 1992, but peacekeeping forces- which were undersupplied and given no powers- as well as a no-fly zone and an arms embargo which favored the Serbs, did little to stop the war or the genocide. In one dark incident, 7,000 males were killed in Srebrenica as UN Peacekeepers looked on unable to act. Western views on the wars were too often based on misreadings of ethnic tensions and Serbian propaganda. Conclusion The wars in the former Yugoslavia appear to be over for now. Nobody won, as the result was a redrawing of the ethnic map through fear and violence. All peoples- Croat, Muslim, Serb and others- saw centuries-old communities permanently erased through murder and the threat of murder, leading to states which were more ethnically homogenous but tainted by guilt. This may have pleased top players like Croat leader Tudjman, but it destroyed hundreds of thousands of lives. All 161 people charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for  war crimes  have now been arrested.

Alexander The Great Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alexander The Great - Research Paper Example The reason for the choice of Alexander the great is the success that he achieved during his reign which in incomparably to any other king in the ancient history, he is also considered a genius of all the time in military because he was able to conquer the Persian empire which was the strongest empire in both his father’s days and his and his conquer was the fulfillment of his father’s dream who died before accomplishing it. In addition to this attributed Alexander the Great was the inspiration of many other kings who came after him in the entire ancient Greece history and the Roman Empire which was later to be, the kings and emperors include Hannibal the Carthaginian and for the Romans are Napoleon, Caesar and Pompey (Tritle 102). Alexander the great was born in 356BC in Pella the capital Macedonia. His father Philip 11 was then the king of Macedonia; during his early life he witnessed his father accomplishing a strong military power in Macedonia having win victory in m any of the battle fields. His father hired Aristotle one of the great Greek philosophers to be the teacher of the young Alexander, Aristotle for his teachings provided Alexander with extensive knowledge on literature, philosophy, science and medicine developing high interest and Aristotle teachings became important in his future life as the king of Macedonia. At the age of 16 Alexander was delegated the authority to rule Macedonia by his father as he was to war to conquer Thrace, this was an indication of his capabilities of strong leadership at such a younger age. Alexander showed his military capabilities at his younger age when his father away he led an army to counter the Thracian tribe of Maedi and he was able to capture its stronghold and named it Alexandropolis and by 338BC Alexander the Great had risen having a commanding post and also ranked among the senior generals in the Macedonian army (Tritle 102). His father was assassinated in 336BC and Alexander took over the throne from his father. He took over a well established army from his father and he was crown the overall military general in Greece and it was now his time to accomplish his father’s military expansions before he died. Soon after ascending into power Alexander the great fought many battles in which he was able to suppress most of its enemies and finally conquering the Persian Empire (Tritle 102). Accomplishments of Alexander the Great Suppression of the Thracian, Illyrian and the Greek rebellions Alexander once he ascended into power suppressing the Thracian, Illyrian and the Greek rebellions which previously had constantly been a major threat the Greece Macedonian rule. His father had successfully conquered some of these territories but a lot was yet to be conquered to guarantee total control and suppression, all of the domestic enemies were suppressed by way of execution (Heckel 76). These domestic rebellions broke up after Philips death and the Thracians, Illyrians and the Gree ks who were in the northern Greece sought for independence. Alexander responded swiftly by suppressing all of the rebellions and after restoring the Macedonian rule in northern Greece he had the great task ahead in the

How important is it for managers today to have a good understanding of Essay

How important is it for managers today to have a good understanding of cultural diversity in the workplace - Essay Example Organisations are now obliged to address the diversified needs of not only the international customer base but also of its diversified workforce. This project attempts to divulge the significance of understanding the role of cultural diversity by the managers of these multinational concerns. A literature review will be conducted to understand the concept of cultural diversity in a comprehensive manner. The literature related to management skill will be review from the view point of different theories and finding. The influence of diversified workforce on organisational culture will also be discussed. The main motto of literature review will be to develop a knowledge base on the basis of which the research will be conducted. Later on, both primary as well as secondary research will be conducted to verify the research question. The data collected from them will be analysed and finally the finding will be summarised to derive the conclusion of the research. Diversity is defined in dictionary as â€Å"the fact or quality of being diverse; difference. A point or respect in which things differ. Variety† (Hoffman & Summers, 2000, p.178). When a company diversifies its business, it enters different countries and soon it loses the geographical identity to acquire the tag of international or a global organisation. For example, companies like Nike, McDonald and HSBC etc operates in different parts of the world and possess a highly diversified workforce. The term diversified workforce indicates employees that comprise people belonging to different age, gender, culture, ethical values, religion and race (Asante, et al., 2008, p.216). A diversified workforce has people with different needs and requirements, which the organisations are required to cater. The employees’ beliefs, their value system, individual interests and needs are highly influenced by the culture to which they belong. These factors also affect the culture of the

The benefits and harmful of plastic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The benefits and harmful of plastic - Essay Example One of the most effective features of plastic bag is its light weight. It hardly feels on the hands when carried. They in return enable carrying large amount of weight within them. They can also be adjusted and folded into different layers making them adjustable and fixable in the small and compact spaces. The light weight makes the best choice for the domestic appliances and equipments. The lawn chairs is one of the examples in this regard which often find large amount of usage. The usage of plastic is not just limited to the shopping purposes. Plastic is largely used in the different polythene and other related items. For example the recent times have seen the usage of plastic in the manufacturing industry. The aero planes in the recent times have also seen the large amount of usage of plastic. This has been done in contrast of the heavy metal usage. The reason for using plastic is its light weight and enabling the support for high travelling at a lighter weight. Airbus one of the world’s leading planes network has considerable amount of plastic used in it for the purpose of making it more supportive towards flying the heavy and large sized aero planes flying around the world (Rosato, 2004, p. 578). It is being reported that the weight of plastic on average is multiple times smaller and lighter than the ordinary devices and materials that are otherwise used in the different products and manufacturing items. One of the renewable energy sources that are finding large application and attraction in the modern times is directly and largely dependent upon the usage of plastic. It is the solar energy systems and solar panels. The bulk of it is the plastic material used which is not only cheap in price, but light in weight and rightly suited to the usage for solar panels and other material used in the solar energy. Plastic’s another feature is its resistance to the heat and electricity. It is

How Addicted Are Users To Social Networking?

How Addicted Are Users To Social Networking? Social networks have become an essential part of a persons everyday life. The purpose of this study is to explore the preferences of a user on notification settings, addiction rate of a user on social networks, and compare prompt vs. non prompt usage behavior. Semi structured interview was the methodology used in this study. The study was conducted at computer science building of Dalhousie University, Halifax. The interview was conducted with 21 students participation. All the participants were male students pursuing Undergrad/Grad/PhD at Dalhousie University. The participants were of age ranging from 17-30. There was no limitation or criteria to participate in the interview except that the participants must be a member of any social networking site. The interview was conducted by 5 interviewers. The participants were asked to sign a consent form in order to use their data for further analysis. The whole interview was audio recorded with participants knowledge. The duration of interview ranged from 5-20 minutes depending on the users response to specific questions. The questions were framed in a way that useful and relevant data can be collected during the interview session to answer all the research questions. The data collection and analysis will be discussed in detail in the following sections. The participants were not limited to focus on a specific social networking application but allowed to think broadly on their experiences with any social networking media. The participants were allowed to answer beyond the given choices and include their own concerns about their interaction using the social networking media. Data Analysis a) Addiction The word Addiction implies how a person tightly bound with particular action. In this report, addiction refers to a person addicted to any of social networking site. There are enough reasons for a person to become addicted to social networking sites such as: chatting, gaming, status updates, sharing pictures or posts, and keep in touch with their friends. In a simple words social networking sites are just clouding the people with most advanced features as well as cost efficient services. Social networking sites open a door to track people with less effect. Initial findings to support the people addicted with social networking sites were projected below. Success of any social networking site depends on making users to stay connected by offering extraordinary features. There are number of social networking sites out of which only few seems to be interesting or engaging to users. With this initial finding, we analyzed the list of social networking sites that play a major role in the present. Participants have an account with Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ etc., and Facebook plays a major role with 14 participants out of 21 choosing Facebook as their primary social networking site. There are few participants having the account in more than one site, one for the friends and another for their own interest. The previous response makes clear that success of any social networking site is based on how many active users it has. To find how addicted people are with social networking, the survey was included with the research question as how frequently do you use social networking. The response for this question is categorized as people visiting social networking site every hour, few times a day, always and less active (once a day or less than that). 13 out of 21 (62%) participants said they would visit their site account few times a day. Participants visiting their account every hour, less active, and always in social networking are 5, 2, and 1 respectively. This clearly indicates that more addicted people are far less from frequent users. As the response doesnt contain any negative value, it reflects that everyone is bounded with social networking regardless of its service. The following graph implies the response from the participants. Interest of every individual differs depending on the features they like or use and those features makes them addicted with particular social networking sites. Figure 1: Frequency of social networking usage The way participants admired by social networking sites are depends on fun, interaction with friends and family, and games (I dont understand the sentence). Even though every social networking sites offer numerous features, chatting plays a vital role and the communication with family friends through text or video keeps the participants more involved. Other features that the participants were attracted to were games and fun activities. Participants mention fun activities as picture sharing, tagging, news feeds, status updates, tweets, and other activities of their own as well as others. Figure 2: Major role in social interworking b) Prompted Vs. Non-Prompted Users are prompted by means of notifications. Notifications can be through messages, friend requests, news feed etc. If a notification makes a participant to login into the system, the user is considered to be prompted user and vice versa if not. A participant can be prompted by many ways like email notification, push messages. Most of the participants interviewed were prompted. The graph below shows the first login of the day; say morning, afternoon, evening, night, anytime (always) compared with quick response for the notification. A participants first login is considered to know how obsessed he is with the social networking site. Quick response to notification indicates during which part of time the participant were prompted. Nearly 48% (10 out of 21) of the participants were logged-in in the morning and 24% (5 out of 21) of users were logged in always. This tells the participants were prompted as the day starts as shown in blue color bar in the graph (figure 3). About nine participants respond quickly to the notification anytime. Six participants respond to the notifications in the evening more often than any other time. From the red bars, participants were considered as prompted because of the intention to look into the social networking site by the notification. Figure 3: Participant first login VS quick response to notification c) Notification Notification is one of the very important aspects of the social networking sites. Social networking sites notification system intimates the user about any new activity that occurred in users network space on that specific social network. In this semi-structured interview different questions were framed to elicit important information from the user regarding their perspective about different aspects of notification system. In order to determine the users likes and dislikes of notification settings, few questions were asked relating to their preference in notifications and settings management. Users interests or reactions on specific notification settings were also analyzed. Analysis of the collected data uncovered very interesting information about users experience with notification system. The results are represented as graph in the following section: E-mail notification Figure 4: Participants response to e-mail as their mode of notification The study indicated that 86% (18 out of 21) of participants disliked the e-mail notification feature in social networking site. This is because most of participants found e-mail notifications as spam and it required significant time for checking each and every notification whereas few participants said that the push notifications facility provided by smart phones are convenient than e-mail. The result indicates that the e-mail notifications are the Notification Settings Management The study shows that majority of users want to have control over their notification management. The participants were asked if social networking sites can change their settings on their own without prior information, or they should allow customization of settings. Though the result was as expected, few interesting responses were captured during the interview where six participants said that the social networking sites have full rights to change their settings as per their wish since the sites are used at no cost. 71% (15 of 21) participants reported that they would like to customize their settings whereas the remaining 29% participants reported that they have no problem with social networking sites changing their settings without notifying them. Figure 5: Participants response to notification setting management Discussion The study to identify the interests in notification settings, prompted vs. non-prompted usage behaviour, and addiction gave many valuable and interesting results. The analysis of the collected data gave us both expected as well as unexpected results on the usage of social networking media. The voice recordings of the whole interview session helped us to understand the mood of the candidate and also aided in double checking the obtained results. The methodology of semi structured interview gave us a huge amount of data and helped us to understand the activities of users under different categories. It allowed us to make comparisons between the participant data for the same set of questions. It also helped to form a more general and flexible question base to get an overview of the general opinion in great detail. It made the candidate to speak easily on sensitive topics related to social media. On the other side, we as a team encountered some difficulties in adopting this methodology one such is that we were unable to evaluate the participants data in the real world by making them use their favourite social media application and analyse them. The semi structured interview seemed resource intensive in some scenarios while collecting user data. As interviewers we cannot guarantee the honesty of the participants in answering the imposed questions. In some situations the cause and effect of the participants response will be very d ifficult to compare. As an interviewer specific skills are required to obtain a better result. The results obtained from the semi structured interview gave us a comprehensive conclusion on the various activities in a typical social networking application. The usages of social networking have gained widespread importance especially among the teenagers, adolescents and adults. The main reason for such a huge user base is the basic functionality of staying connected with friends, family and acquaintances. The various options of sharing media within a group and communicating with their friends over text, voice and video chats are very prominent in many social networking applications. The three topics of the social networking which the semi structured interview dealt were addiction, prompted versus non-prompted use and notifications. As researchers we were well satisfied with the data collection from these descriptions of use by the participants. We were well convinced to provide conclusive results on the collected information and achieve the goal of this semi-structured interview

The Spider and Soul in Walt Whitmans A Noiseless Patient Spider Essay

The Spider and Soul in Walt Whitman's A Noiseless Patient Spider Works Cited Not Included In â€Å"A Noiseless Patient Spider†, Walt Whitman compares the images of a spider creating a web to catch its prey to his own soul. In the first stanza, he describes the spider creating its web. In the second stanza, he begins to describe his own soul searching for something it needs. Throughout the poem, Whitman is relating the spider to the human soul by showing how both would pursue and capture what they need to continue to exist in this life. In line one, â€Å"A noiseless, patient spider† shows a spider that seems to be waiting for what it is searching for. Perhaps it is waiting for a chance to strike at its prey if it were detected in time. The soul seems to be doing nearly the same thing when Whitman says the soul is â€Å"ceaselessly musing† (line 8). Musing is when someone is pondering about something in silence. Both images are being described as moving in careful silence. The spider seems to be planning to trick the prey into being caught. Perhaps whatever the soul is looking for must be tricked into being caught. If both were to let their presence be known, their elusive prey may disappear. In order for either the spider or the soul to capture its prey, first they both must create a way to trap what they need and trick it into being caught. â€Å"It launched forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them† (lines 4-5). These lines are describing the spider while it makes its web. The poet uses the word â€Å"tirelessly† to show that the spider must complete its task of finding sustenance in order to survive. The repetition of the word â€Å"filament† shows how deliberately t... ...er and the soul are alike in how they search for what will continue their existence. For the spider, it is waiting patiently as he tries to find a way to trap his prey in order to continue its life. As for the soul, it must be patient and hold on to what it knows as religious truth as it waits to be nourished by the one that it truly serves. Both the spider and the soul must hold onto their anchor in order to wait for their prey. Once it is spotted, they must move quickly to it in order to ensure that they catch it. Once it is within their grasp, their existence may continue. But, if they are sidetracked by what goes on in their immediate surroundings instead of concentrating on their prey, then they may lose their opportunity for life. That is why the spider and the soul must be patient, noiseless, and ever ready to obtain what they have hunted for so long.

Identity and Belonging Essay

My family and I left the Kabul for Pakistan in 1995. Our dream was a better life a life which we could sleep a night with peace a life which we could walk with no fair. Me and my father we were working as labour for a small company, it was 50/km far from our home and we were going there by my dad`s bicycle. The work was hard everything was hard there, but when I was coming home and looking that my brothers and sisters are having book to read and they are going to school, we have something to eat and no one is here try to kill us I was felling like i have everything. With our straggle and hard working in 1999 my dad buy a house we moved there our life was becoming more comfortable we were happy. But we didn’t know that now something really bad is running after us. A really nasty day my dad was sick at home I was coming from work it was 7pm, I saw a car blocked my way four guy was standing beside the care they abused me with a really bad language and said come to car, i run to fight with them two of them took out the gun and shot near to my feat , one of them came near to me and hit me with the gun I fall down, when I weak up, it was a dark house my head was full of blood. I remember, the days which my dad was taken to Taliban’s prising because he was translator of American embassy. My dad was too keen that get him out of that, for me it was impossible. After six years, here is now three more guys with me, they are using us as cleaner dish washer cocks any kind of work. Every day we were planning to escape from there but we couldn’t. In 2009 we scaped from there but just three of us get succeed. I came back to Pakistan to find my family but no one was there they escaped from Pakistan too. I didn’t know where to go i went to my dad`s friend place, he told me my dad went to Iran and after 5 years he went to Australia, so my dad and all the family was in Australia. I was really happy by hearing that because they were save now. I get the number and call him, he told me he will sponsor me and i will be there in just one year but it was too hard to stay one day because the Taliban’s were still after me. So i chooses illegal way to came to us, went to Indonesia we were 80 people in boat a small boat, he told me he will sponsor me and i will be there in just one year but it was too hard to stay one day because the Taliban’s were still after me.

US Prison System Essays

US Prison System Essays US Prison System Essay US Prison System Essay The variances that exist in the modern prison system of the United States can be found on a larger scale compared to any other country. The country has the largest prison system in the world, and the growing population in prisons continues to pose an enormous problem to the system, as the issue of overcrowding poses as a significant hitch to prisoners. Accommodating prisoners arising from a variety of crimes ranging from murders to misdemeanor offenders has made the prison system to become a huge premise of punishment, where those who are released get back in jail within a short time. Housing a large number of prisoners than other countries, the United States does not find it easy as it spends billions on the prison system each year (Moehling Piehl, 2009). Moreover, the crime policy that has led to mass incarceration has not made the country equally safer. The country continues to lead in crime rate in regards to comparable countries and still ranks high on the global scale (Hancock , 2000). US Prison System Problems Americas prison system faces a broad range of challenges, mainly occurring in the fact that the country does not practice any other solution to punish other than incapacitation. The combination of criminal warehousing and the stringent criminal policies within the country are the main causes of prison overcrowding, enormous budgetary cost, failure of reduced crimes, and significant levels of repeated offenders. This means that the country is in need of an immediate inquiry. While the United States is struggling with problems within its criminal justice system, some countries have managed to employ practices that have effectively led to crime rate reduction and a significant maintenance of prison population (Hancock, 2000). After America had gained independence, they adopted their thoughts, and this resulted in new ways of convicting individuals and federal and state responsibilities. At the time crime according to Americans resulted due to the disparity in wealth and classes. With this thought, they believed that crime would decline since they were a nation primarily built on class mobility and equality. The country also felt that the vile and gruesome methods employed by the English men to fight crime were counterintuitive to crime reduction. They questioned the use of harsh punishment and capital death to curb crime since it was a belief that a man harshly punished would result in doing the same offense again (Moehling Piehl, 2009). The use of capital punishment, severe punishment, and English monarchical laws diminished in the minds of Americans, and their strong need for social order actively grew. Then the concept of prison was one that struck a complete balance, where the punishment exercised was just convenient enough to dissuade crime and a better way to rehabilitate wrongdoers. Prison received proper finance and adopted procedures that facilitated proper rehabilitation. Pennsylvania Plan and Auburn Plan were the most popular adapted prison plans. The Auburn Plan provided inmates with sleeping quarters, common dining rooms, and workshops. The prisoners were not allowed to talk with one another, and each one of them had to stick to a daily labor program. The Pennsylvania Plan ensures, on the other hand, ensured prisoners are isolated during their full sentence. Following the plans the prisons were oddly quiet; thus the Americans felt that the jail was convenient for behavior change and when released after s everal years, the inmates would have a socially accepted moral conduct (Hancock, 2000). Prison Punishment The kind of punishment practiced during this time, shows two transitions including the abolition of physical punishment and promoting a social relationship with the public. Rehabilitation replaced physical punishment and establishing of structures with convenient plans saw stringent efforts employed to restore the conduct and behavior of criminals. With the isolation and total control of prisoners, the public developed a lesser view of the prison experience. Concurrently, an illusionary division erupted between the public and prisoners; this increased the disgrace and introduction of branding for those individuals who went through penitentiary (Brent Kraska, 2011). Prison focused on rehabilitation as the primary focus of changing the conduct of inmates; however, the society grew more disapproving of those who went through the prison system and cutting relations with them. By 1865, the transformation and reformation that existed in the American prison system faced an entirely different transition as cases of corruption, overcrowding, and cruelty infiltrated the system. Most prisons employed the conventional Auburn plan that allowed a communal area of work and meals. However, this plan was not purely forged for rehabilitation for cost consciousness. As the revenues for prisons continued to decline the conditions in prisons continued to deteriorate, thus a call for reforms was in order at that time. The consequence, for this encounter, included fixed maximum sentences and undetermined sentencing. Thus prisoners were able to participate in reformative actions. After that, they would later receive sentences in regards to proof of reformation (Hancock, 2000). The progressive era saw the realization of real rehabilitation. Reformations were taken into great consideration, and efforts to change and impact on the behavioral change in regards to politics was also the highlight of the time. The trends realized in behavioral science gave a clear outline of corrupt behavior, together with psychological and social treatments. Progressives proposed individual treatment of inmates, arguing that it was the right cure to prevent them from engaging in future crime. Their idea was well lived, and this era produced psychotherapeutic treatment aimed to change prisoners, a great atmosphere within the community, allotted time for communication visits, and eventually the Federal prison system (Hancock, 2000). History of Prisons After the Second World War, prisoners rights got more attention, and they were completely enforced. John F. Kennedy, the newly elected president at that time, instituted policies that were for the minorities and poor, and after that infiltrate into the prison system. The presidents policies led to a civil rights movement and concurrently played a significant role in the history of American prisons. Then on, prisoners began to demand recognition of their civil rights and therefore the Civil Rights Act and writ of habeas corpus were adapted. The writ of habeas corpus was a policy that gave criminals the power to challenge convictions that did not satisfy their constitutional rights. The Civil Rights Act ensured prisoners are free from abuse, and they are allowed to practice religious and legal rights. According to the 1967 Presidents Crime Commission Report, prisoners would not commit to being able to engage in crime activities, while serving their time. However the deplorable conditio ns in the prison do not offer complete preparation for the offenders to re-enter the society after completing their sentence, rather it makes them deploy destructive and manipulative behaviors (Brent Kraska, 2011). The reforms employed after the report did not last for long, thus failure and dissatisfaction ensued. A combination of reform failure and the increase of incarceration rates caused an increase in prison population in the 1970s. At this time the state, federal, and local governments replaced indeterminate sentencing with determinate sentencing making each categorical crime have a minimum sentence that was mandatory. Determinate sentencing came up as a measure to reform criminals and the belief that criminals needed to be separated from the rest of the society. Looking at the measure taken, this could only mean that the number of sentences would increase as lengthy sentences also increased. This measure continued through the 1990s and saw an increase in incarcerations, leading to the doubling of prison populations. This exhilarated the problem of overcrowding (Moehling Piehl, 2009).